Ginsberg Ylva, Beusterien Kathleen Marie, Amos Kaitlan, Jousselin Claude, Asherson Philip
Karolinska Institutet - Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, PO 281, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2014 Jul;14(7):799-812. doi: 10.1586/14737175.2014.926220. Epub 2014 Jun 4.
This review discusses the unmet needs in adult ADHD subgroups in Europe: adolescents in transition, adult patients, employees, older adults, and those in the criminal justice system. Analysis of the literature and an ADHD web forum was conducted. The visibility of adult ADHD remains low, and finding professionals able to diagnose is difficult for both adolescents as well as adults. Many ADHD cases go undiagnosed and untreated; ADHD may be mistaken for other common mental health conditions or missed in the presence of comorbidities. Pharmacological and psychosocial treatment services are very limited. Most employers do not understand how to address ADHD, and employees fear stigmatization. Older age individuals (>60 years) may feel worse with unrecognized ADHD, and those incarcerated with ADHD are likely to cost disproportionately more than their peers, with high recidivism rates. Strategies to address unmet needs and accommodate ADHD adults need not be expensive or time consuming to implement.
本综述探讨了欧洲成人注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）亚组中未得到满足的需求：处于过渡阶段的青少年、成年患者、员工、老年人以及刑事司法系统中的人群。对文献和一个ADHD网络论坛进行了分析。成人ADHD的知名度仍然很低，青少年和成年人都很难找到能够进行诊断的专业人员。许多ADHD病例未被诊断和治疗；ADHD可能被误诊为其他常见的心理健康状况，或者在存在合并症的情况下被漏诊。药物和心理社会治疗服务非常有限。大多数雇主不了解如何应对ADHD，员工则担心受到污名化。年龄较大的个体（>60岁）若ADHD未被识别，可能会感觉更糟，而患有ADHD的在押人员可能比同龄人花费更多，且再犯率很高。满足未得到满足的需求并接纳成年ADHD患者的策略实施起来不一定昂贵或耗时。
