Adams N, Boice R
Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
Behav Processes. 1989 Jun;19(1-3):127-42. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(89)90036-3.
Dominance hierarchies were studied in mixed-sex colonies of albino rats Rattus norvegicus reared and housed in three different types of physical environments. Colonies were observed. In either an outdoor pen, an indoor pen, or in laboratory cases for a period of 24 weeks initiated at 35 days of age. In both pen colonies, male dominance relationships were based on the asymmetric display of biting attacks by dominants and the unequivocal display of submissive postures by subordinates. These behaviours did not fully develop, nor did dominance emerge until males were 140-150 days of age. No asymmetric display of attacks and submission, nor dominance relationships were observed in two different types of laboratory cage settings; these males continued to play fight throughout adulthood. However, males of all colony types attacked male intruders. The nature of the physical environment appeared to have a powerful influence on the development of dominance, but did not affect agonistic behaviour directed toward intruders.
在三种不同物理环境中饲养和安置的白化大鼠（褐家鼠）的混合性别群体中研究了优势等级制度。对群体进行了观察。观察期为24周，从35日龄开始，观察环境分别为室外围栏、室内围栏或实验室笼子。在两个围栏群体中，雄性优势关系基于优势个体不对称地展示咬斗攻击以及从属个体明确展示顺从姿势。这些行为直到雄性140 - 150日龄时才完全发展，优势等级也未出现。在两种不同类型的实验室笼子环境中未观察到攻击和顺从的不对称展示以及优势关系；这些雄性在成年后仍继续进行打斗玩耍。然而，所有群体类型的雄性都会攻击雄性入侵者。物理环境的性质似乎对优势等级的发展有强大影响，但不影响针对入侵者的攻击行为。
