Recarte J M, Vincent J P, Hewison A J
Institut de Recherche sur les Grands Mammifères, I.N.R.A., B.P. 27, Castanet-Tolosan 31326 Cedex, France.
Behav Processes. 1998 Jul;44(1):65-72. doi: 10.1016/s0376-6357(98)00037-0.
The flight response of fallow deer (Dama dama) towards human observers was studied in an enclosed population using fixed transects. Groups took flight less often when in open habitats, in large group sizes and at high distances from the transect. Flight was also less common where human activity was higher. This effect was marked, probably because the study was carried out in an enclosure where disturbance was frequent, regular and predictable. We suggest that these results may indicate that the flight response of fallow deer depends on the level of security provided by their immediate environment and their habituation to human presence. In addition, we observed that female groups took flight more often than other group types, possibly due to differences in ecological strategy whereby protection of young is a high priority for females. One of the most striking features of our results was the high inter-individual variability in flight response. This emphasises the need for individual-based behavioural studies.
在一个封闭的鹿群中，利用固定的样带研究了黇鹿（Dama dama）对人类观察者的逃避反应。当处于开阔栖息地、群体规模较大且距离样带较远时，鹿群逃跑的频率较低。在人类活动较多的地方，逃跑也不那么常见。这种影响很明显，可能是因为研究是在一个干扰频繁且有规律、可预测的围栏中进行的。我们认为，这些结果可能表明黇鹿的逃避反应取决于其直接环境提供的安全水平以及它们对人类存在的习惯化程度。此外，我们观察到雌性鹿群比其他群体类型更频繁地逃跑，这可能是由于生态策略的差异，即保护幼崽对雌性来说是高度优先事项。我们研究结果最显著的特征之一是逃避反应存在高度的个体间差异。这强调了进行基于个体的行为研究的必要性。
