Thompson R K, Liebreich M
Departments of Biology & Psychology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, POB 3003, PA. 17604, U.S.A.
Behav Processes. 1987 Feb;14(1):49-61. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(87)90066-0.
An experimenter induced tonic immobility (TI) in parentally naive chicks (G. gallusdomesticus). The chicks remained in TI longer when they were exposed to a conspecific adult fear squawk alarm call than when exposed to an equally novel attraction call or white noise. In a second experiment, both aerial-predator and ground-predator alarm calls enhanced TI similarly to the fear squawk call which is elicited by capture. These results support the hypotheses that TI is an antipredator defense mechanism and that alarm calls evolved through kin-selection.
一位实验者使从未接触过父母的小鸡（家鸡）进入强直静止状态（TI）。当小鸡暴露于同种成年鸡的恐惧尖叫警报声时，它们保持强直静止状态的时间比暴露于同样新奇的吸引叫声或白噪声时更长。在第二个实验中，空中捕食者和地面捕食者的警报声增强强直静止状态的效果与捕捉引发的恐惧尖叫相似。这些结果支持了以下假设：强直静止状态是一种反捕食者防御机制，警报声是通过亲缘选择进化而来的。
