Wilkie D M, Kennedy D J
Psychology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5.
Behav Processes. 1987 Feb;14(1):105-22. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(87)90070-2.
Delayed matching of key location is a useful paradigm for the study of pigeons' short-term memory for a spatial location. On each trial a randomly selected key from a matrix of keys is lit briefly as a sample and followed by a retention interval. During the ensuing choice period the sample and one of the non-sample keys are lit; choice of the sample is correct and rewarded whereas choice of the distractor key is not. The computer simulation of performance on this task is based on a simple model: We assume that the pigeon has knowledge of the location of the keys stored in a map-like reference memory. We also assume that short-term memory involves an attention focus or "pointer" that "drifts" on the surface of this map. The pointer migrates from a randomly determined position during the intertrial interval towards the location of the sample when this stimulus is presented. It wanders randomly from its previous position when this cue is no longer present in the retention interval. During the test for retention the bird selects the location (i.e., sample or distractor) closer to the location of the pointer on the map of the matrix. The simulation successfully reproduced several of the phenomena observed in delayed matching of location experiments and provided an account of some hitherto perplexing results. As well, the model successfully predicted some new empirical data.
关键位置的延迟匹配是研究鸽子对空间位置短期记忆的一种有用范式。在每次试验中，从一组按键矩阵中随机选择一个按键短暂点亮作为样本，随后是一个保持间隔。在随后的选择期内，样本键和一个非样本键会被点亮；选择样本键是正确的并会得到奖励，而选择干扰键则不会。该任务表现的计算机模拟基于一个简单模型：我们假设鸽子知晓存储在类似地图的参考记忆中的按键位置。我们还假设短期记忆涉及一个注意力焦点或“指针”，它在这张地图表面“漂移”。指针在试验间隔期间从一个随机确定的位置开始，在呈现样本刺激时朝着样本的位置移动。当该线索在保持间隔中不再出现时，它会从先前位置随机游走。在记忆测试期间，鸽子会在矩阵地图上选择更靠近指针位置的那个位置（即样本或干扰项）。该模拟成功重现了在位置延迟匹配实验中观察到的几种现象，并对一些迄今为止令人困惑的结果做出了解释。此外，该模型还成功预测了一些新的实验数据。
