Wilkie D M
J Exp Anal Behav. 1983 Jan;39(1):69-76. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1983.39-69.
Five hungry pigeons first received delayed matching of key location training. Trials began with a "ready" stimulus (brief operation of the grain feeder). Then one (randomly chosen) of a set of four keys from a three-by-three matrix was lit briefly as the sample. After a short delay (retention interval), the sample key was lit again along with one of the other eight keys. A peck at the key that had served as the sample produced grain reinforcement, whereas a peck to the other key produced only the intertrial interval. After delayed matching of key location was learned, the remaining five key locations were introduced as samples. Four of the five birds performed at considerably above-chance levels on the novel sample trials during the first as well as subsequent sessions. These results suggest that pigeons sometimes learn the single rule-"choose the location that matches the sample." The relevance of these results to the issue of whether pigeons learn a generalized matching rule (i.e., a concept of "sameness") is discussed.
五只饥饿的鸽子首先接受了按键位置延迟匹配训练。试验开始时会出现一个“准备好”的刺激（谷物喂食器短暂运行）。然后，从一个三乘三矩阵中的一组四个按键中随机选择一个按键短暂亮起作为样本。经过短暂延迟（保持间隔）后，样本按键与其他八个按键中的一个再次亮起。啄击曾作为样本的按键会得到谷物强化，而啄击另一个按键只会产生试验间隔。在学会按键位置的延迟匹配后，引入了其余五个按键位置作为样本。在第一次以及后续的实验中，五只鸟中有四只在新样本试验中的表现显著高于随机水平。这些结果表明，鸽子有时会学习单一规则——“选择与样本匹配的位置”。讨论了这些结果与鸽子是否学习广义匹配规则（即“相同性”概念）这一问题的相关性。
