Reebs S G
Département de biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
Behav Processes. 1996 Jun;36(3):253-62. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(96)88023-5.
The goal of this study was to determine whether fish can learn to forage in different places at different times of the day, each place being associated with a specific time. Groups of eight golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) were kept in aquaria equipped with automatic feeders that dropped food on one side in the morning and on the other side in the afternoon, or on one side in the morning, the other side at midday, and back on the first side in the evening. After 3-4 weeks, food was withheld and the position of the fish within the aquaria was noted at 5-min intervals throughout the day. Consistent with time-place learning, most fish were on the correct side at the correct time. However, another experiment with three places instead of two provided only equivocal evidence of time-place learning; this could reflect the fact that, in the lakes they inhabit, golden shiners may need only distinguish between two places: open waters and littoral. Experiments with phase-shifts of the photoperiod showed that temporal discrimination is based on a circadian clock that can be gradually phase-advanced by 6 h in about 3 days.
本研究的目的是确定鱼类是否能够学会在一天中的不同时间在不同地点觅食，每个地点都与特定的时间相关联。将八只金色闪光鱼（Notemigonus crysoleucas）分为一组，饲养在配备自动喂食器的水族箱中，喂食器在上午将食物投放到一侧，下午投放到另一侧，或者上午投放到一侧，中午投放到另一侧，晚上再投回到第一侧。3 - 4周后，停止喂食，并在一整天内每隔5分钟记录一次鱼在水族箱中的位置。与时间 - 地点学习一致，大多数鱼在正确的时间处于正确的一侧。然而，另一个使用三个地点而非两个地点的实验仅提供了关于时间 - 地点学习的模棱两可的证据；这可能反映了这样一个事实，即在它们栖息的湖泊中，金色闪光鱼可能只需要区分两个地点：开阔水域和沿岸区域。光周期相位转移实验表明，时间辨别是基于一个生物钟，该生物钟可以在大约3天内逐渐提前6小时。
