Turro-Vincent I, Launay F, Mills A D, Picard M, Faure J M
Station de Recherches Avicoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Behav Processes. 1995 May;34(1):23-41. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(94)00045-i.
Interactions between underlying fearfulness and social factors during the development of learnt food aversions was studied in two lines of Japanese quail selected for a long (LTI) or short (STI) duration of the tonic immobility response. Chicks of the LTI line have high inherent levels of fearfulness and chicks of the STI line have low levels of inherent fearfulness. Food aversions were conditioned by pairing blue coloration with the presence of Jackbean (which has mild post-ingestional toxic effects) in the animals feed. In each of 3 training trials, chicks were exposed, either individually or in same line groups of four, to coloured or uncoloured diets containing toxic Jackbean or non-toxic Fieldbean. After training the preferences of chicks for coloured or uncoloured non-toxic diets were assessed in a choice test. Analysis of time spent feeding and amount of feed consumed in the choice tests suggested three levels of interaction between the fear state of the chicks and their reactions to unfamiliar and/or toxic feed. First, when fear levels are high (individually tested LTI line chicks), food which resembles a previously experienced toxic diet is rejected. Second, when fear levels are intermediate (individually tested STI line chicks), animals prefer food which resembles a previously experienced non-toxic diet but do not totally reject food which resembles a previously experienced toxic diet. Third, when fear levels are low (group testing), previously experience of toxic or non-toxic diets has limited effects on food choice. Animals show a preference for diets with a form similar to that which they were fed during early life but this preference is to some degree modulated by more recent feeding experiences.
在两种日本鹌鹑品系中研究了习得性食物厌恶形成过程中潜在恐惧与社会因素之间的相互作用。这两种鹌鹑品系分别为选择具有长（LTI）或短（STI）强直静止反应持续时间的品系。LTI品系的雏鸡具有较高的固有恐惧水平，而STI品系的雏鸡具有较低的固有恐惧水平。通过将蓝色与动物饲料中刀豆（具有轻度摄食后毒性作用）的存在进行配对来形成食物厌恶。在3次训练试验中的每次试验中，雏鸡单独或成组（每组4只同一品系）接触含有有毒刀豆或无毒蚕豆的有色或无色饲料。训练后，在选择试验中评估雏鸡对有色或无色无毒饲料的偏好。对选择试验中进食时间和消耗饲料量的分析表明，雏鸡的恐惧状态与其对陌生和/或有毒饲料的反应之间存在三个层次的相互作用。第一，当恐惧水平较高时（单独测试的LTI品系雏鸡），类似于先前经历过的有毒饲料的食物会被拒绝。第二，当恐惧水平处于中等时（单独测试的STI品系雏鸡），动物更喜欢类似于先前经历过的无毒饲料的食物，但不会完全拒绝类似于先前经历过的有毒饲料的食物。第三，当恐惧水平较低时（成组测试），先前有毒或无毒饲料的经历对食物选择的影响有限。动物表现出对与早期生活中所喂食饲料形式相似的饲料的偏好，但这种偏好会在某种程度上受到最近喂食经历的调节。
