Wallace Lauren J, Summerlee Alastair J S, Dewey Cate E, Hak Chantharith, Hall Ann, Charles Christopher V
Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, 524 Chester New Hall, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton Ontario, Canada, L8S 4L8.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2014;23(2):263-71. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.2.02.
In Cambodia, both anaemia and vitamin A deficiency are serious health problems. Despite this, few comprehensive nutritional surveys have been completed to date. This study evaluates the adequacy of iron and vitamin A intakes, as well as women's nutritional knowledge in rural Kandal province. Twenty-four hour recalls, pile sort activities, socioeconomic surveys, focus groups, and market surveys were carried out with 67 women from 5 villages in rural Kandal Province. Ninety seven percent of women did not meet their daily-recommended intake of iron, while 70% did not meet their daily-recommended intake of vitamin A. Although many women consume vitamin A-rich and iron rich-foods daily, they do not consume large enough quantities of these foods. Results suggest that both the cost of foods as well as the extent of health knowledge is linked to nutritional practice. Most animal-source iron and vitamin A-rich foods are considered expensive; however, small fish, and several plant-source vitamin A-rich foods are inexpensive and easy to access. Despite health education, food restrictions lead some healthy foods to be considered to be harmful to women. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the importance of developing comprehensive nutritional interventions in Cambodia. Health programming must provide women with not only suggestions to include low-cost nutrient-rich foods, but also advise them about the quantities that are likely to have an impact on nutritional status. Programs should take a community-based, inter-sectoral approach that simultaneously combines culturally informed health education with initiatives that combat poverty and increase access to nutrient rich foods.
在柬埔寨，贫血和维生素A缺乏都是严重的健康问题。尽管如此，迄今为止几乎没有完成全面的营养调查。本研究评估了干丹省农村地区妇女的铁和维生素A摄入量是否充足，以及她们的营养知识水平。对来自干丹省农村5个村庄的67名妇女进行了24小时膳食回顾、分类活动、社会经济调查、焦点小组讨论和市场调查。97%的妇女未达到铁的每日推荐摄入量，70%的妇女未达到维生素A的每日推荐摄入量。虽然许多妇女每天都食用富含维生素A和铁的食物，但她们摄入的量不足。结果表明，食物成本和健康知识水平都与营养实践有关。大多数动物源性富含铁和维生素A的食物被认为价格昂贵；然而，小鱼和几种植物源性富含维生素A的食物价格低廉且易于获取。尽管开展了健康教育，但食物限制导致一些健康食品被认为对妇女有害。最终，本研究证明了在柬埔寨制定全面营养干预措施的重要性。健康规划不仅要为妇女提供食用低成本营养丰富食物的建议，还要告知她们可能对营养状况产生影响的食用量。项目应采取基于社区的跨部门方法，将具有文化针对性的健康教育与消除贫困及增加获取营养丰富食物机会的举措同时结合起来。
