School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2022 Oct;35(5):901-918. doi: 10.1111/jhn.13011. Epub 2022 Apr 19.
Despite economic growth, Cambodia continues to have high rates of malnutrition, anaemia and nutrition-related deficiencies. Government policies promote nutrition strategies, although dietary intake data is limited. A detailed synthesis of existing intake data is needed to inform nutrition policy and practice change. This review aims to characterise and assess quality of dietary assessment methods and outcomes from individual-level 'whole diet' studies of Khmer people living in Cambodia.
Searches were conducted using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Included papers reported dietary intake at an individual level for 'whole diet'. Studies using secondary data or lacking dietary assessment details were excluded. Extracted data included dietary assessment features, nutrient/food group intakes and database.
Nineteen publications (15 studies) were included, with nine carried out among children under 5 years and six among women. Eleven studies reported intake by food groups and four by nutrients, prominently energy, protein, vitamin A, iron, calcium and zinc. Inconsistent intakes, food groupings and reporting of study characteristics limited data synthesis. All but one study used 24-h recalls. Trained local fieldworkers used traditional interview-administered data collection and varied portion estimation tools. Food composition databases for analysis were not tailored to the Cambodian diet. Overall quality was rated as 'good'.
We recommend the development of a best-practice protocol for conducting dietary assessment, a Cambodia-specific food composition database and a competent trained workforce of nutrition professionals, with global support of expertise and funding for future dietary assessment studies conducted in Cambodia.
尽管经济增长，柬埔寨仍然面临着高营养不良率、贫血症和营养相关缺乏的问题。政府政策推动了营养战略，但饮食摄入数据有限。为了为营养政策和实践变革提供信息，需要对现有的摄入数据进行详细综合分析。本综述旨在描述和评估柬埔寨高棉人“全饮食”个体水平研究中饮食评估方法的特点和质量。
采用 PRISMA-ScR 指南进行检索。纳入的论文报告了个体层面的全饮食摄入情况。排除了使用二手数据或缺乏饮食评估细节的研究。提取的数据包括饮食评估特征、营养素/食物组摄入量和数据库。
共纳入 19 篇文献（15 项研究），其中 9 项研究针对 5 岁以下儿童，6 项研究针对妇女。11 项研究报告了食物组的摄入量，4 项研究报告了营养素的摄入量，主要是能量、蛋白质、维生素 A、铁、钙和锌。由于摄入情况、食物分类和研究特征的报告不一致，限制了数据综合。除一项研究外，所有研究均使用 24 小时回顾法。经过培训的当地现场工作人员使用传统的访谈式数据收集和不同的分量估计工具。用于分析的食物成分数据库并非专门针对柬埔寨饮食。总体质量评为“良好”。
我们建议制定最佳实践方案，开展饮食评估，开发柬埔寨特定的食物成分数据库，并培养有能力的营养专业人员队伍，全球支持在柬埔寨开展未来的饮食评估研究，提供专业知识和资金。
