Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Talca, Talca, Chile; Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), University of Talca, Talca, Chile.
J Appl Microbiol. 2014 Sep;117(3):846-53. doi: 10.1111/jam.12561. Epub 2014 Jun 28.
To assess the anticaries activity of an antioxidant-rich apple concentrate (ARAC) in an experimental biofilm caries model on enamel.
A validated caries model with Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms was used. Biofilms were formed on enamel slabs during 5 days. To mimic cariogenic challenges, triplicate slabs were exposed three times per day for 5 min to 10% sucrose followed by five additional minutes of exposure to serial dilutions of ARAC in 0·9% NaCl. A triplicate slab exposed to 10% sucrose followed by 0·9% NaCl served as caries-positive control. Acidogenicity was estimated by medium pH twice per day. After the experimental phase, biofilms were recovered to determine biomass, viable bacteria and intra- and extracellular polysaccharides. Slabs were used to estimate demineralization by the percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SHL). Differences among treatments were analysed by anova and Bonferroni test (P < 0·05). Streptococcus mutans biofilms were exposed to ARAC after a cariogenic challenge with sucrose-induced lower enamel demineralization than the positive control. The highest dilution of ARAC at 1 : 100 000 (v/v) showed the most marked reduction in demineralization of about 57%. Although no differences were observed in the number of bacterial cells, the intracellular polysaccharides or in the biomass (P > 0·05), the highest dilution of the apple concentrate induced significantly lower extracellular polysaccharide formation by the biofilm.
An apple concentrate in low concentrations appears to have a potential anticaries activity on enamel. Data suggest a metabolic rather than an antimicrobial mechanism, but further research is needed.
Phenolic compounds contained in apple concentrates seem to have anticaries properties that may be effective even in the presence of sucrose and in very low doses. Nutritional interventions that do not require rescinding from sucrose might be derived from these findings.
评估富含抗氧化剂的苹果浓缩物（ARAC）在釉质实验性生物膜龋模型中的抗龋活性。
使用经验证的具有变形链球菌 UA159 生物膜的龋病模型。在 5 天内，在釉质板上形成生物膜。为了模拟致龋挑战，每天三次将三块重复的板暴露于 10%蔗糖中 5 分钟，然后再用 0.9%NaCl 中的 ARAC 连续稀释液暴露 5 分钟。将暴露于 10%蔗糖然后再暴露于 0.9%NaCl 的三块重复板作为致龋阳性对照。通过每天两次测量培养基 pH 值来估计产酸能力。实验阶段结束后，回收生物膜以确定生物量、活菌和细胞内及细胞外多糖。使用板来估计表面显微硬度损失百分比（%SHL）来脱矿。通过方差分析和 Bonferroni 检验（P < 0.05）分析处理之间的差异。在蔗糖诱导的致龋挑战后，将变形链球菌生物膜暴露于 ARAC，导致釉质脱矿程度低于阳性对照。在 1：100000（v/v）的最高稀释度的 ARAC 显示出最显著的脱矿减少，约为 57%。尽管生物膜中的细菌细胞数量、细胞内多糖或生物量没有差异（P > 0.05），但苹果浓缩物的最高稀释度诱导生物膜形成的细胞外多糖形成显著降低。
低浓度的苹果浓缩物似乎对釉质具有潜在的抗龋活性。数据表明存在代谢而非抗菌机制，但需要进一步研究。
苹果浓缩物中含有的酚类化合物似乎具有抗龋特性，即使在存在蔗糖和非常低剂量的情况下也可能有效。这些发现可能会衍生出无需取消蔗糖的营养干预措施。
