Levitsky Lynne L, Ardestani Goli, Rhoads David B
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2014 Aug;26(4):475-9. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000110.
Betatrophin is a newly described hormone, which potently stimulates beta cell replication in mice. This discovery has engendered great hope that it could prove clinically important in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Betatrophin, a 198-amino acid protein secreted by liver and adipose tissue, stimulates growth of pancreatic beta cell mass in insulin-resistant mice. Betatrophin has previously been named RIFL, lipasin, and ANGPLT8, and its salutory effects on lipid metabolism have been described in mouse and human studies. Serum betatrophin levels in humans correlate with improved adipose tissue lipid storage and lower serum triglyceride levels in the fed state, but do not correlate with insulin resistance or carbohydrate tolerance in humans. Betatrophin has not yet been shown to have an effect on beta cell replication in human pancreatic islets.
Many endocrine and paracrine factors, of which betatrophin is the newest described, increase beta cell mass in murine models. None of these factors, including betatrophin, have displayed the same activity in clinical studies. This may reflect a profound species difference in beta cell regeneration pathways in mice and humans.
β-促细胞生成素是一种新发现的激素，它能有效刺激小鼠β细胞复制。这一发现带来了巨大希望，即它可能在1型和2型糖尿病的治疗中具有临床重要性。
β-促细胞生成素是一种由肝脏和脂肪组织分泌的含198个氨基酸的蛋白质，可刺激胰岛素抵抗小鼠胰腺β细胞团的生长。β-促细胞生成素此前曾被命名为RIFL、脂肪酶和血管生成素样蛋白8，其对脂质代谢的有益作用已在小鼠和人体研究中有所描述。人类血清β-促细胞生成素水平与进食状态下改善的脂肪组织脂质储存和较低的血清甘油三酯水平相关，但与人类的胰岛素抵抗或糖耐量无关。尚未证明β-促细胞生成素对人胰岛中的β细胞复制有影响。
许多内分泌和旁分泌因子（β-促细胞生成素是其中最新描述的）可增加小鼠模型中的β细胞量。在临床研究中，包括β-促细胞生成素在内的这些因子均未表现出相同的活性。这可能反映了小鼠和人类β细胞再生途径存在深刻的物种差异。
