Verkerke G J, Thomson S L
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands; email:
Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2014 Jul 11;16:215-45. doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071811-150014. Epub 2014 May 29.
Advanced laryngeal cancer sometimes necessitates the removal of the complete larynx. This procedure involves suturing the trachea to an opening in the neck, the most disturbing consequence of which is the loss of voice. Since 1859, several devices have been developed for voice restoration, based mainly on a vibrating reed element. However, the resulting sound is very monotonous and thus unpleasant. Presently the most successful way of voice restoration is the placement of a one-way shunt valve in the tracheo-esophageal wall, thus preventing aspiration and allowing air to flow from the lungs to the esophagus, where soft tissues start to vibrate for substitute voicing. However, the quality of this voice is often poor. New artificial vocal folds to be placed within the shunt valve have been developed, and a membrane-principle concept appears very promising, owing to the self-cleaning construction and the high voice quality. Future developments will include electronic voice sources. Hopefully these developments will result in a high-quality voice, after 150 years of research.
晚期喉癌有时需要切除整个喉部。该手术包括将气管缝合到颈部的一个开口处，其最令人困扰的后果是失声。自1859年以来，已经开发了几种用于恢复声音的装置，主要基于振动簧片元件。然而，产生的声音非常单调，因此令人不悦。目前最成功的声音恢复方法是在气管食管壁上放置一个单向分流阀，从而防止误吸并使空气从肺部流向食管，在那里软组织开始振动以替代发声。然而，这种声音的质量往往很差。已经开发出了要放置在分流阀内的新型人工声带，并且由于其自清洁结构和高音质，一种膜原理概念显得非常有前景。未来的发展将包括电子语音源。经过150年的研究，希望这些发展将带来高质量的声音。
