Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2014;52:289-316. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-102313-050056. Epub 2014 May 30.
The process of speciation, by definition, involves evolution of one or more reproductive isolating mechanisms that split a single species into two that can no longer interbreed. Determination of which processes are responsible for speciation is important yet challenging. Several studies have proposed that speciation in pathogens is heavily influenced by host-pathogen dynamics and that traits that mediate such interactions (e.g., host mobility, reproductive mode of the pathogen, complexity of the life cycle, and host specificity) must lead to reproductive isolation and ultimately affect speciation rates. In this review, we summarize the main evolutionary processes that lead to speciation of fungal and oomycete plant pathogens and provide an outline of how speciation can be studied rigorously, including novel genetic/genomic developments.
物种形成的过程，根据定义，涉及一个或多个生殖隔离机制的进化，这些机制将一个单一的物种分裂成两个，它们不再能够杂交。确定哪些过程负责物种形成是重要的，但具有挑战性。一些研究表明，病原体的物种形成受到宿主-病原体动态的强烈影响，并且介导这种相互作用的特征（例如，宿主的流动性、病原体的繁殖模式、生命周期的复杂性和宿主的特异性）必须导致生殖隔离，并最终影响物种形成的速度。在这篇综述中，我们总结了导致真菌和卵菌植物病原体物种形成的主要进化过程，并概述了如何严格地研究物种形成，包括新的遗传/基因组发展。
