Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands; email:
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2014;52:243-65. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-102313-050118. Epub 2014 May 30.
Plant-parasitic nematodes engage in prolonged and intimate relationships with their host plants, often involving complex alterations in host cell morphology and function. It is puzzling how nematodes can achieve this, seemingly without activating the innate immune system of their hosts. Secretions released by infective juvenile nematodes are thought to be crucial for host invasion, for nematode migration inside plants, and for feeding on host cells. In the past, much of the research focused on the manipulation of developmental pathways in host plants by plant-parasitic nematodes. However, recent findings demonstrate that plant-parasitic nematodes also deliver effectors into the apoplast and cytoplasm of host cells to suppress plant defense responses. In this review, we describe the current insights in the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the activation and suppression of host innate immunity by plant-parasitic nematodes along seven critical evolutionary and developmental transitions in plant parasitism.
植物寄生线虫与宿主植物之间存在长期而密切的关系，通常涉及宿主细胞形态和功能的复杂改变。令人困惑的是，线虫如何能够做到这一点，而似乎不会激活宿主的先天免疫系统。人们认为，感染性幼虫线虫释放的分泌物对于宿主入侵、线虫在植物内部的迁移以及宿主细胞的取食至关重要。过去，大部分研究都集中在植物寄生线虫对宿主植物发育途径的操纵上。然而，最近的研究结果表明，植物寄生线虫还将效应子输送到宿主细胞的质外体和细胞质中，以抑制植物的防御反应。在这篇综述中，我们描述了植物寄生线虫在植物寄生的七个关键进化和发育转变过程中激活和抑制宿主先天免疫的分子和细胞机制的最新见解。
