Ahmed M A S, Donaldson Sarah, Akor Francis, Cahill Denise, Akilani Raed
Department of Paediatrics, Queens Hospital, Essex, UK
Department of Paediatrics, Harrogate District Hospital, West Yorkshire, UK.
Cephalalgia. 2015 Mar;35(3):234-9. doi: 10.1177/0333102414535998. Epub 2014 Jun 6.
Although olfactory hallucination (OH) has been reported in patients with primary headaches, olfactory aura has not been recognised by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-2). In this study, we examined the frequency and characteristics of OH among children and adolescents with primary headaches.
839 neurologically normal patients with primary headaches (537 migraine) were eligible for the assessment of olfactory hallucination. Headache diagnosis was based on the ICHD. Data were prospectively collected during clinic sessions and using headache diaries.
Olfactory hallucination was reported exclusively during headache attacks by 21/839 (2.5%) patients, all of whom had migraine. The prevalence of olfactory hallucination was 3.9% among migraineurs (6.5% among those with migraine aura). Olfactory hallucination shortly followed the onset of headaches and lasted from 15 to 50 minutes. Of those with MA, 10 patients had visual aura; two had somatosensory aura; one had motor aura; and two had a combination of visual and somatosensory aura. Using the ICHD-2, both OH and migraine aura occurred in the same headache attacks. In 12/15 patients, OH occurred simultaneously with migraine aura, whereas in 3/12 patients, it preceded aura.
Our findings show that olfactory hallucination occurs in migraine and it has similarities to migraine aura.
尽管原发性头痛患者中已报告有嗅觉幻觉（OH），但嗅觉先兆尚未被国际头痛疾病分类（ICHD - 2）所认可。在本研究中，我们调查了原发性头痛儿童和青少年中OH的发生频率及特征。
839例神经系统正常的原发性头痛患者（537例偏头痛患者）符合嗅觉幻觉评估条件。头痛诊断基于ICHD。数据在门诊期间及使用头痛日记进行前瞻性收集。
21/839（2.5%）例患者仅在头痛发作时报告有嗅觉幻觉，所有这些患者均患有偏头痛。偏头痛患者中嗅觉幻觉的患病率为3.9%（有偏头痛先兆者中为6.5%）。嗅觉幻觉在头痛发作后不久出现，持续15至50分钟。在有偏头痛先兆（MA）的患者中，10例有视觉先兆；2例有躯体感觉先兆；1例有运动先兆；2例有视觉和躯体感觉先兆组合。根据ICHD - 2，OH和偏头痛先兆在同一头痛发作中出现。在12/15例患者中，OH与偏头痛先兆同时出现，而在3/12例患者中，OH先于先兆出现。
我们的研究结果表明，嗅觉幻觉在偏头痛中出现，且与偏头痛先兆有相似之处。
