Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Aug 15;490:776-84. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.084. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
A proper recognition of the pollutant sources in atmospheric deposit is a key problem for any action aiming at reducing their emission, being this an important issue with implications both on human health safeguard and on the cultural heritage conservation in urban sites. This work presents the results of a statistical approach application for the identification of pollutant sources in deposits and damage layers on monuments located in different European sites: Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence (Italy), Cologne Cathedral, Cologne (Germany), Ancient ramparts, Salè (Morocco), National Museum, Cracow (Poland) and National Gallery, Oslo (Norway). For this aim, the surface damage layers on monuments and historical buildings of the selected sites were collected and analyzed, in terms of ionic and elemental composition, through application of ion chromatography and induced coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. The achieved results were processed by multivariate analyses such as correlation matrix and principal component analysis in order to identify the possible origin of pollutants affecting the state of conservation of the monuments. This allowed us to assume that in all case studies the traffic emission is the main pollutant source. In the case of Ancient ramparts, Salè (Morocco), and National Gallery, Oslo (Norway), the surfaces are also under influence of marine aerosols. Moreover, concerning the Cologne Cathedral, the strong impact of the pollutants emitted by railway station was also revealed.
正确识别大气沉积物中的污染源是任何旨在减少其排放的行动的关键问题，这是一个重要的问题，不仅对人类健康保障有影响，而且对城市遗址的文化遗产保护也有影响。本工作介绍了一种统计方法在沉积物和古迹表面损伤层中污染源识别的应用结果，这些古迹分布在不同的欧洲遗址：佛罗伦萨的圣母百花大教堂（意大利）、科隆大教堂（德国）、萨莱的古代城墙（摩洛哥）、克拉科夫的国家博物馆（波兰）和奥斯陆的国家美术馆（挪威）。为此，通过应用离子色谱法和电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱法，对选定地点的古迹和历史建筑表面的损伤层进行了离子和元素组成的收集和分析。通过多元分析（如相关矩阵和主成分分析）处理所获得的结果，以确定影响古迹保存状况的污染物的可能来源。这使我们能够假设，在所有的案例研究中，交通排放是主要的污染源。在萨莱的古代城墙（摩洛哥）和奥斯陆的国家美术馆（挪威）的情况下，表面还受到海洋气溶胶的影响。此外，关于科隆大教堂，还揭示了火车站排放的污染物的强烈影响。
