Wernike Kerstin, Eschbaumer Michael, Breithaupt Angele, Maltzan Julia, Wiesner Henning, Beer Martin, Hoffmann Bernd
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Vet Microbiol. 2014 Aug 6;172(1-2):140-5. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.05.010. Epub 2014 May 13.
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious viral disease of sheep and goats common in Africa and Asia. Its high morbidity and mortality has a devastating impact on agriculture in developing countries. As an example, an Asian lineage IV strain of PPRV was responsible for mass fatalities among wild goats in Kurdistan in 2010/2011. In separate experiments, three sheep and three goats of German domestic breeds were subcutaneously inoculated with the Kurdish virus isolate; three uninfected sheep and goats were housed together with the inoculated animals. All inoculated animals, all in-contact goats and two in-contact sheep developed high fever (up to 41.7 °C), depression, severe diarrhea, ocular and nasal discharge as well as ulcerative stomatitis and pharyngitis. Infected animals seroconverted within a few days of the first detection of viral genome. Clinical signs were more pronounced in goats; four out of six goats had to be euthanized. Necropsy revealed characteristic lesions in the alimentary tract. Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) RNA was detected in blood as well as nasal, oral and fecal swabs and tissues. The 2011 Kurdish strain of PPRV is highly virulent in European goats and spreads easily to in-contact animals, while disease severity and contagiosity in sheep are slightly lower. PPRV strains like the tested recent isolate can have a high impact on small ruminants in the European Union, and therefore, both early detection methods and intervention strategies have to be improved and updated regularly.
小反刍兽疫（PPR）是一种在非洲和亚洲常见的绵羊和山羊的传染性病毒病。其高发病率和死亡率对发展中国家的农业造成了毁灭性影响。例如，2010/2011年，一株亚洲IV系小反刍兽疫病毒（PPRV）导致库尔德地区的野山羊大量死亡。在单独的实验中，对三只德国家养品种的绵羊和三只山羊皮下接种了库尔德病毒分离株；将三只未感染的绵羊和山羊与接种动物饲养在一起。所有接种动物、所有接触的山羊以及两只接触的绵羊都出现了高热（高达41.7°C）、抑郁、严重腹泻、眼鼻分泌物以及溃疡性口炎和咽炎。感染动物在首次检测到病毒基因组后的几天内血清转化。山羊的临床症状更为明显；六只山羊中有四只不得不实施安乐死。尸检显示消化道有特征性病变。在血液以及鼻、口和粪便拭子及组织中检测到了小反刍兽疫病毒（PPRV）RNA。2011年库尔德PPRV毒株对欧洲山羊具有高致病性，且容易传播给接触动物，而在绵羊中的疾病严重程度和传染性略低。像最近测试的分离株这样的PPRV毒株可能会对欧盟的小反刍兽产生重大影响，因此，早期检测方法和干预策略都必须定期改进和更新。
