Hoch C C, Reynolds C F
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Int Psychogeriatr. 1989 Spring;1(1):51-62. doi: 10.1017/s1041610289000050.
Late-life depression and dementia of the Alzheimer's type both have profound, although different, effects on electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep patterns. Thus, while depression is associated with REM sleep disinhibition and extreme sleep fragmentation (e.g., sleep onset REM periods and early morning awakenings), Alzheimer's disease is associated with deficits in the production of phasic activity during sleep (e.g., rapid eye movements and K-complexes) and with increased rates of sleep-disordered breathing. These differences have been shown to be reliable in large numbers of patients during the past five years and appear to extend to differences in sleep between depressive pseudodementia and dementia with secondary depression. Preliminary data also suggest that pretreatment sleep onset REM periods may be associated with enhanced vulnerability to recurrent depression. In summary, sleep physiological measures provide useful diagnostic and prognostic indexes in late-life neuropsychiatric disorders.
老年期抑郁症和阿尔茨海默病型痴呆对脑电图（EEG）睡眠模式均有深远影响，尽管影响方式不同。因此，抑郁症与快速眼动（REM）睡眠抑制解除及严重睡眠片段化（如入睡时出现REM期和早醒）相关，而阿尔茨海默病则与睡眠期间相位活动产生缺陷（如快速眼动和K复合波）及睡眠呼吸障碍发生率增加有关。在过去五年中，大量患者的数据表明这些差异是可靠的，并且似乎也适用于抑郁性假性痴呆和继发性抑郁症所致痴呆之间的睡眠差异。初步数据还表明，治疗前入睡时出现REM期可能与复发性抑郁症的易感性增加有关。总之，睡眠生理指标为老年期神经精神疾病提供了有用的诊断和预后指标。
