Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Semin Immunol. 2014 Jun;26(3):210-9. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.05.001. Epub 2014 Jun 6.
Members of the TNFR family can play prominent roles in controlling the magnitude, duration and phenotype of the immune response to viruses. The importance of particular TNFRs in different viral infections and whether they contribute to viral control or pathology is dependent on the virus and the severity of the infection. TNFRs and their ligands are widely and differentially expressed on both adaptive and innate immune cell types. The cell types through which TNFRs exert their effects, the unique signals provided by each member of the family, and how these signals are ultimately integrated during an anti-viral immune response remain to be fully elucidated. Here we discuss the role of 4-1BB, OX40, CD27 and GITR and their ligands during viral infection and highlight some of the outstanding questions in the field.
TNFR 家族成员在控制病毒引起的免疫反应的幅度、持续时间和表型方面可以发挥重要作用。特定 TNFR 在不同病毒感染中的重要性，以及它们是否有助于病毒控制或发病机制，取决于病毒和感染的严重程度。TNFR 及其配体在适应性和固有免疫细胞类型上广泛且差异表达。TNFR 发挥作用的细胞类型、家族每个成员提供的独特信号，以及这些信号在抗病毒免疫反应中如何最终整合，仍有待充分阐明。在这里，我们讨论了 4-1BB、OX40、CD27 和 GITR 及其配体在病毒感染过程中的作用，并强调了该领域的一些悬而未决的问题。
