Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2018 Oct 1;10(10):a028431. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028431.
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family and the TNF/nerve growth factor (NGF) family of their cognate receptors together control numerous immune functions, as well as tissue-homeostatic and embryonic-development processes. These diverse functions are dictated by both shared and distinct features of family members, and by interactions of some members with nonfamily ligands and coreceptors. The spectra of their activities are further expanded by the occurrence of the ligands and receptors in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, by "re-anchoring" of soluble forms to extracellular matrix components, and by signaling initiation via intracellular domains (IDs) of both receptors and ligands. Much has been learned about shared features of the receptors as well as of the ligands; however, we still have only limited knowledge of the mechanistic basis for their functional heterogeneity and for the differences between their functions and those of similarly acting cytokines of other families.
肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF) 细胞因子家族及其同源受体的 TNF/神经生长因子 (NGF) 家族共同控制着众多免疫功能，以及组织稳态和胚胎发育过程。这些不同的功能是由家族成员的共同和独特特征以及一些成员与非家族配体和共受体的相互作用决定的。它们的活性谱通过配体和受体以膜锚定和可溶性形式的存在、可溶性形式与细胞外基质成分的“再锚定”以及通过受体和配体的细胞内结构域 (IDs) 进行的信号转导起始进一步扩大。我们已经了解了受体以及配体的共同特征；然而，对于它们功能异质性的机制基础以及它们与其他家族中类似作用的细胞因子的功能差异，我们仍然知之甚少。
