Almeida F N, Htoo J K, Thomson J, Stein H H
1Department of Animal Sciences,University of Illinois,1207W. Gregory Dr,Urbana,IL 61801,USA.
2Evonik Industries AG,Nutrition Research,Rodenbacher Chaussee 4,63457 Hanau,Germany.
Animal. 2014 Oct;8(10):1594-602. doi: 10.1017/S175173111400144X. Epub 2014 Jun 10.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate if adjustments in diet formulations either based on total analysed amino acids or standardized ileal digestible (SID) amino acids may be used to eliminate negative effects of including heat-damaged soybean meal (SBM) or heat-damaged corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets fed to weanling pigs. In Experiment 1, four corn-SBM diets were formulated. Diet 1 contained non-autoclaved SBM (315 g/kg), and this diet was formulated on the basis of analysed amino acid concentrations and using SID values from the AminoDat® 4.0 database. Diet 2 was similar to Diet 1 in terms of ingredient composition, except that the non-autoclaved SBM was replaced by autoclaved SBM at 1 : 1 (weight basis). Diet 3 was formulated using autoclaved SBM and amino acid inclusions in the diet were adjusted on the basis of analysed total amino acid concentrations in the autoclaved SBM and published SID values for non-autoclaved SBM (AminoDat® 4.0). Diet 4 also contained autoclaved SBM, but the formulation of this diet was adjusted on the basis of analysed amino acids in the autoclaved SBM and SID values that were adjusted according to the degree of heat damage in this source of SBM. Pigs (160; initial BW: 10.4 kg) were allotted to the four treatments with eight replicate pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Diets were fed to pigs for 21 days. The gain to feed ratio (G : F) was greater (P<0.05) for pigs fed Diet 1 compared with pigs fed the other diets and pigs fed Diet 4 had greater (P<0.05) G : F than pigs fed Diet 2. In Experiment 2, 144 pigs (initial BW: 9.9 kg) were allotted to four diets with eight replicate pens per diet. The four diets contained corn, SBM (85 g/kg) and DDGS (220 g/kg), and were formulated using the concepts described for Experiment 1, except that heat-damaged DDGS, but not heat-damaged SBM, was used in the diets. Pigs fed Diet 1 had greater (P<0.05) G : F than pigs fed Diet 2, but no differences were observed for G : F among pigs fed diets containing autoclaved DDGS. Results demonstrate that the negative effects of heat damage of SBM or DDGS may be ameliorated if the reduced concentration and digestibility of amino acids in heat-damaged SBM or DDGS is taken into account in diet formulation. Further research is needed to improve the prediction of the ileal digestibility of amino acids in heat-processed ingredients used in practical diet formulations.
进行了两项试验，以研究基于总分析氨基酸或标准回肠可消化（SID）氨基酸调整日粮配方，是否可用于消除在断奶仔猪日粮中添加热损伤豆粕（SBM）或热损伤玉米干酒糟及其可溶物（DDGS）的负面影响。在试验1中，配制了四种玉米 - SBM日粮。日粮1含有未高压灭菌的SBM（315 g/kg），该日粮基于分析氨基酸浓度并使用AminoDat® 4.0数据库中的SID值进行配制。日粮2在成分组成方面与日粮1相似，只是未高压灭菌的SBM以1:1（重量比）被高压灭菌的SBM替代。日粮3使用高压灭菌的SBM配制，日粮中的氨基酸添加量根据高压灭菌SBM中分析的总氨基酸浓度和已公布的未高压灭菌SBM的SID值（AminoDat® 4.0）进行调整。日粮4也含有高压灭菌的SBM，但该日粮的配方根据高压灭菌SBM中分析的氨基酸以及根据该SBM来源的热损伤程度调整后的SID值进行调整。猪（160头；初始体重：10.4 kg）采用随机完全区组设计分配到四种处理中，每个处理有8个重复栏。日粮喂猪21天。与饲喂其他日粮的猪相比，饲喂日粮1的猪的增重/饲料比（G:F）更高（P<0.05），并且饲喂日粮4的猪的G:F比饲喂日粮2的猪更高（P<0.05）。在试验2中，144头猪（初始体重：9.9 kg）分配到四种日粮中，每种日粮有8个重复栏。这四种日粮含有玉米、SBM（85 g/kg）和DDGS（220 g/kg），并采用试验1中描述的概念进行配制，不同之处在于日粮中使用了热损伤的DDGS而非热损伤的SBM。饲喂日粮1的猪的G:F比饲喂日粮2的猪更高（P<0.05），但在饲喂含有高压灭菌DDGS日粮的猪之间，未观察到G:F的差异。结果表明，如果在日粮配方中考虑热损伤SBM或DDGS中氨基酸浓度和消化率的降低，SBM或DDGS热损伤的负面影响可能会得到改善。需要进一步研究以改进对实际日粮配方中使用的热处理原料中氨基酸回肠消化率的预测。
