State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Psychol Sci. 2014 Aug;25(8):1600-7. doi: 10.1177/0956797614535811. Epub 2014 Jun 9.
The visual world is flooded with ambiguity. Generally, people can resolve the ambiguity almost instantaneously, as when they distinguish at a glance whether a maiden in a portrait by Picasso is in profile or facing front. However, perception of the same reality, though relatively stable at the individual level, can vary dramatically from person to person, manifesting idiosyncratic perceptual biases. What drives the heterogeneity of human vision as reflected in the resolution of visual ambiguity? Using the twin method, we demonstrated a significant genetic contribution to individual differences in the visual disambiguation of bistable biological-motion stimuli but not inanimate motion stimuli. These findings challenge the prevailing view that the way the human brain makes sense of visual input is largely shaped by a person's perceptual history. Rather, the visual perception of biologically salient information can be guided by adaptive mental "priors" that are genetically transmitted.
视觉世界充满了歧义。通常，人们可以几乎瞬间消除歧义，例如，当他们一眼就能分辨出毕加索画中的少女是侧脸还是正面。然而，尽管个体层面的感知相对稳定，但不同人对同一现实的感知却可能大相径庭，表现出独特的感知偏差。那么，是什么驱动了人类视觉的异质性，从而反映在视觉歧义的解决上呢？我们使用双胞胎方法证明，个体在对双稳态生物运动刺激的视觉解歧义方面的差异存在显著的遗传贡献，但在非生物运动刺激方面则没有。这些发现挑战了流行的观点，即人类大脑理解视觉输入的方式主要是由一个人的感知历史塑造的。相反，对生物显著性信息的视觉感知可以通过遗传传递的适应性心理“先验”来指导。
