Guinan Taryn, Kirkbride Paul, Pigou Paul E, Ronci Maurizio, Kobus Hilton, Voelcker Nicolas H
Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia.
School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
Mass Spectrom Rev. 2015 Nov-Dec;34(6):627-40. doi: 10.1002/mas.21431. Epub 2014 Jun 11.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is an excellent analytical technique for the rapid and sensitive analysis of macromolecules (>700 Da), such as peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and synthetic polymers. However, the detection of smaller organic molecules with masses below 700 Da using MALDI-MS is challenging due to the appearance of matrix adducts and matrix fragment peaks in the same spectral range. Recently, nanostructured substrates have been developed that facilitate matrix-free laser desorption ionization (LDI), contributing to an emerging analytical paradigm referred to as surface-assisted laser desorption ionization (SALDI) MS. Since SALDI enables the detection of small organic molecules, it is rapidly growing in popularity, including in the field of forensics. At the same time, SALDI also holds significant potential as a high throughput analytical tool in roadside, work place and athlete drug testing. In this review, we discuss recent advances in SALDI techniques such as desorption ionization on porous silicon (DIOS), nano-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS) and nano assisted laser desorption ionization (NALDI™) and compare their strengths and weaknesses with particular focus on forensic applications. These include the detection of illicit drug molecules and their metabolites in biological matrices and small molecule detection from forensic samples including banknotes and fingerprints. Finally, the review highlights recent advances in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) using SALDI techniques.
基质辅助激光解吸电离（MALDI）质谱（MS）是一种用于快速、灵敏分析大分子（>700 Da）的出色分析技术，这些大分子包括肽、蛋白质、核酸和合成聚合物。然而，使用MALDI-MS检测质量低于700 Da的较小有机分子具有挑战性，因为在相同光谱范围内会出现基质加合物和基质碎片峰。最近，已开发出有助于无基质激光解吸电离（LDI）的纳米结构基质，促成了一种新兴的分析模式，即表面辅助激光解吸电离（SALDI）MS。由于SALDI能够检测小有机分子，它在包括法医学领域在内的各个领域迅速受到欢迎。同时，SALDI作为路边、工作场所和运动员药物检测中的高通量分析工具也具有巨大潜力。在本综述中，我们讨论了SALDI技术的最新进展，如多孔硅上的解吸电离（DIOS）、纳米引发剂质谱（NIMS）和纳米辅助激光解吸电离（NALDI™），并比较了它们的优缺点，特别关注法医应用。这些应用包括在生物基质中检测非法药物分子及其代谢物，以及从包括钞票和指纹在内的法医样本中检测小分子。最后，本综述重点介绍了使用SALDI技术的质谱成像（MSI）的最新进展。
