Hossain Mohammad Ayaz, Chowdhury Tina, Bagul Atul
Department of Renal Transplantation, St Georges Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.
Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2015 Nov;9(11):1217-24. doi: 10.1002/term.1907. Epub 2014 Jun 11.
Bone marrow stromal cells exist as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and have the capacity to differentiate into multiple tissue types when subjected to appropriate culture conditions. This property of MSCs creates therapeutic opportunities in regenerative medicine for the treatment of damage to neural, cardiac and musculoskeletal tissues or acute kidney injury. The prerequisite for successful cell therapy is delivery of cells to the target tissue. Assessment of therapeutic outcomes utilize traditional methods to examine cell function of MSC populations involving routine biochemical or histological analysis for cell proliferation, protein synthesis and gene expression. However, these methods do not provide sufficient spatial and temporal information. In vivo surveillance of MSC migration to the site of interest can be performed through a variety of imaging modalities such as the use of radiolabelling, fluc protein expression bioluminescence imaging and paramagnetic nanoparticle magnetic resonance imaging. This review will outline the current methods of in vivo surveillance of exogenously administered MSCs in regenerative medicine while addressing potential technological developments. Furthermore, nanoparticles and microparticles for cellular labelling have shown that migration of MSCs can be spatially and temporally monitored. In vivo surveillance therefore permits time-stratified assessment in animal models without disruption of the target organ. In vivo tracking of MSCs is non-invasive, repeatable and non-toxic. Despite the excitement that nanoparticles for tracking MSCs offer, delivery methods are difficult because of the challenges with imaging three-dimensional systems. The current advances and growth in MSC research, is likely to provide a wealth of evidence overcoming these issues.
骨髓基质细胞以间充质基质细胞（MSCs）的形式存在，在适当的培养条件下具有分化为多种组织类型的能力。MSCs的这一特性为再生医学治疗神经、心脏和肌肉骨骼组织损伤或急性肾损伤创造了治疗机会。细胞治疗成功的前提是将细胞输送到靶组织。治疗效果评估采用传统方法来检测MSC群体的细胞功能，包括对细胞增殖、蛋白质合成和基因表达进行常规生化或组织学分析。然而，这些方法无法提供足够的空间和时间信息。可以通过多种成像方式对体内MSCs迁移到感兴趣部位的情况进行监测，如使用放射性标记、荧光素酶蛋白表达生物发光成像和顺磁性纳米颗粒磁共振成像。本综述将概述再生医学中外源性施用的MSCs体内监测的当前方法，同时探讨潜在的技术发展。此外，用于细胞标记的纳米颗粒和微粒已表明，可以在空间和时间上监测MSCs的迁移。因此，体内监测允许在动物模型中进行时间分层评估，而不会干扰靶器官。对MSCs的体内追踪是非侵入性的、可重复的且无毒的。尽管用于追踪MSCs的纳米颗粒令人兴奋，但由于三维系统成像面临挑战，递送方法仍很困难。MSCs研究的当前进展和发展，可能会提供大量证据来克服这些问题。
