From the Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100 Suppl 1:394S-8S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.071357. Epub 2014 Jun 11.
Fruit, vegetables, and certain components of plant foods, such as fiber, have long been thought to protect against cancer. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is a prospective cohort that includes >500,000 participants from 10 European countries and has made a substantial contribution to knowledge in this research area. The purpose of this article is to summarize the findings published thus far from the EPIC study on the associations between fruit, vegetable, or fiber consumption and the risk of cancer at 14 different sites. The risk of cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract was inversely associated with fruit intake but was not associated with vegetable intake. The risk of colorectal cancer was inversely associated with intakes of total fruit and vegetables and total fiber, and the risk of liver cancer was also inversely associated with the intake of total fiber. The risk of cancer of the lung was inversely associated with fruit intake but was not associated with vegetable intake; this association with fruit intake was restricted to smokers and might be influenced by residual confounding due to smoking. There was a borderline inverse association of fiber intake with breast cancer risk. For the other 9 cancer sites studied (stomach, biliary tract, pancreas, cervix, endometrium, prostate, kidney, bladder, and lymphoma) there were no reported significant associations of risk with intakes of total fruit, vegetables, or fiber.
水果、蔬菜和某些植物性食物成分（如纤维）长期以来一直被认为可以预防癌症。欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）是一项前瞻性队列研究，包含来自 10 个欧洲国家的超过 50 万名参与者，为该研究领域的知识做出了重大贡献。本文旨在总结迄今为止 EPIC 研究中关于水果、蔬菜或纤维摄入与 14 个不同部位癌症风险之间关联的研究结果。上消化道癌症的风险与水果摄入呈负相关，但与蔬菜摄入无关。结直肠癌的风险与总水果和蔬菜以及总纤维的摄入呈负相关，肝癌的风险也与总纤维的摄入呈负相关。肺癌的风险与水果摄入呈负相关，但与蔬菜摄入无关；这种与水果摄入的关联仅限于吸烟者，可能受到吸烟引起的残余混杂的影响。纤维摄入与乳腺癌风险呈边缘负相关。对于研究的其他 9 个癌症部位（胃、胆道、胰腺、宫颈、子宫内膜、前列腺、肾脏、膀胱和淋巴瘤），总水果、蔬菜或纤维摄入与风险之间没有报告的显著关联。
