Arain Sadaf Sadia, Kazi Tasneem Gul, Arain Jamshed Bashir, Afridi Hassan Imran, Kazi Atif Gul, Nasreen Syeda, Brahman Kapil Dev
National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Oct;21(20):12017-27. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3091-5. Epub 2014 Jun 13.
Oropharyngeal cancer is a significant public health issue in the world. The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer has been increased among people who have habit of chewing smokeless tobacco (SLT) in Pakistan. The aim of present study was to evaluate the concentration of nickel (Ni) in biological samples (whole blood, serum) of oral (n = 95) and pharyngeal (n = 84) male cancer patients. For comparison purposes, the biological samples of healthy age-matched referents (n = 150), who consumed and did not consumed SLT products, were also analyzed for Ni levels. As the Ni level is very low in biological samples, a preconcentration procedure has been developed, prior to analysis of analyte by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The Ni in acid-digested biological samples was complexed with ammonium pyrrolidinedithio carbamate (APDC), and a resulted complex was extracted in a surfactant Triton X-114. Acidic ethanol was added to the surfactant-rich phase prior to its analysis by FAAS. The chemical variables, such as pH, amounts of reagents (APDC, Triton X-114), temperature, incubation time, and sample volume were optimized. The resulted data indicated that concentration of Ni was higher in blood and serum samples of cancer patients as compared to that of referents who have or have not consumed different SLT products (p = 0.012-0.001). It was also observed that healthy referents who consumed SLT products have two to threefold higher levels of Ni in both biological samples as compared to those who were not chewing SLT products (p < 0.01).
口咽癌是全球一个重要的公共卫生问题。在巴基斯坦，有咀嚼无烟烟草（SLT）习惯的人群中口咽癌发病率有所上升。本研究的目的是评估口腔癌男性患者（n = 95）和咽癌男性患者（n = 84）生物样本（全血、血清）中镍（Ni）的浓度。为作比较，还分析了年龄匹配的健康对照者（n = 150）的生物样本中镍的水平，这些对照者有的使用过SLT产品，有的未使用过。由于生物样本中镍的含量非常低，在通过火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）分析分析物之前，已开发了一种预浓缩程序。酸消解后的生物样本中的镍与吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵（APDC）络合，生成的络合物在表面活性剂Triton X - 114中萃取。在通过FAAS分析富含表面活性剂的相之前，向其中加入酸性乙醇。对诸如pH、试剂（APDC、Triton X - 114）用量、温度、孵育时间和样本体积等化学变量进行了优化。所得数据表明，与使用或未使用不同SLT产品的对照者相比，癌症患者血液和血清样本中的镍浓度更高（p = 0.012 - 0.001）。还观察到，使用SLT产品的健康对照者在两种生物样本中的镍水平比不咀嚼SLT产品的对照者高出两到三倍（p < 0.01）。
