Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.
Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 12;11(1):3704. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82179-3.
The fundamental role of major, minor and trace elements in different physiological and pathological processes occurring in living organism makes that elemental analysis of biomedical samples becomes more and more popular issue. The most often used tools for analysis of the elemental composition of biological samples include Flame and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (F-AAS and GF-AAS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Each of these techniques has many advantages and limitations that should be considered in the first stage of planning the measurement procedure. Their reliability can be checked in the validation process and the precision, trueness and detection limits of elements belong to the most frequently determined validation parameters. The main purpose of this paper was the discussion of selected instrumental techniques (F-AAS, GF-AAS, ICP-OES and ICP-MS) in term of the achieved validation parameters and the usefulness in the analysis of biological samples. The focus in the detailed literature studies was also put on the methods of preparation of the biomedical samples. What is more based on the own data the usefulness of the total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for the elemental analysis of animal tissues was examined. The detection limits of elements, precision and trueness for the technique were determined and compared with the literature data concerning other of the discussed techniques of elemental analysis. Reassuming, the following paper is to serve as a guide and comprehensive source of information concerning the validation parameters achievable in different instrumental techniques used for the elemental analysis of biomedical samples.
在生物医学样本的元素分析中，最常用的工具包括火焰原子吸收光谱法（F-AAS 和 GF-AAS）、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）。这些技术中的每一种都有许多优点和局限性，在规划测量程序的第一阶段应予以考虑。它们的可靠性可以在验证过程中进行检查，而元素的精密度、准确度和检测限则属于最常确定的验证参数。本文的主要目的是讨论选定的仪器技术（F-AAS、GF-AAS、ICP-OES 和 ICP-MS）在达到验证参数方面的应用，并讨论它们在生物医学样本分析中的实用性。在详细的文献研究中，还重点介绍了生物医学样本的制备方法。此外，基于自身数据，还研究了全反射 X 射线荧光光谱法在动物组织元素分析中的实用性。确定了该技术的检测限、精密度和准确度，并与文献中有关其他讨论的元素分析技术的数据进行了比较。总之，本文旨在作为指导，并提供有关用于生物医学样本元素分析的不同仪器技术可达到的验证参数的综合信息来源。
