Maruta Jun, Ghajar Jamshid
Brain Trauma Foundation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif., USA.
Prog Neurol Surg. 2014;28:226-33. doi: 10.1159/000358786. Epub 2014 Jun 6.
An attention-based biomarker may be useful for concussion screening. A key role of attention is to generate time-based expectancies of specific sensory information, and it is postulated that postconcussion cognitive impairments and symptoms may stem from a primary deficit in this predictive timing mechanism. There is a close relationship between gaze and attention, but in addressing predictive timing, there is a need for an appropriate testing paradigm and methods to quantify oculomotor anomalies. We have utilized a continuous predictive visual tracking paradigm because human visual tracking requires predicting the temporal course of a stimulus and dynamically synchronizing the required action with the stimulus. We have shown that concussion patients often show disrupted gaze-target synchronization characterized by large gaze position error variability and overall phase advancement. Various attention components interact with visual tracking, and thus there is a possibility that different neurological and physiological conditions produce identifiable visual tracking characteristics. Analyzing neuromotor functions, specifically oculomotor synchronization, can provide a fast, accurate, and reliable assessment of cognitive functions.
基于注意力的生物标志物可能有助于脑震荡筛查。注意力的一个关键作用是生成基于时间的特定感官信息预期，并且据推测，脑震荡后的认知障碍和症状可能源于这种预测性时间机制的原发性缺陷。注视与注意力之间存在密切关系，但在解决预测性时间问题时，需要一种合适的测试范式和方法来量化眼动异常。我们采用了一种连续预测视觉跟踪范式，因为人类视觉跟踪需要预测刺激的时间进程，并与刺激动态同步所需的动作。我们已经表明，脑震荡患者经常表现出注视目标同步中断，其特征是注视位置误差变异性大且整体相位提前。各种注意力成分与视觉跟踪相互作用，因此不同的神经和生理状况有可能产生可识别的视觉跟踪特征。分析神经运动功能，特别是眼动同步，可以提供对认知功能的快速、准确和可靠评估。
