Wu Zheng, Schimmele Christoph M, Ouellet Nadia
Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2015 May;70(3):496-507. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbu060. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
This study estimates the sex-specific prevalence of repartnering after widowhood. The main objective is to examine the competing choice between nonmarital cohabitation and remarriage as well as repartnering differentials.
The study uses data from the 2007 Canadian General Social Survey and life table methods to illustrate gender and regional differences in the cumulative proportion of people aged 45 and older who repartner after widowhood. Proportional hazard models are used to examine how factors such as socioeconomic resources, region, demographic characteristics, and health associate with the risk of repartnering and repartnering preferences.
Most repartnering after widowhood occurs within ten years of this event or not at all. Ten years after widowhood, about 7% of widows and 29% of widowers have formed a new union. For both widows and widowers, the rate of remarriage is twice as high as the rate of cohabitation. The exception to this is the province of Quebec, where cohabitation is a more prevalent choice of repartnering than remarriage. There is a weak association between socioeconomic resources and both the risk of cohabitation and remarriage.
Our results confirm that constraints in marriage markets appear to contribute to a gender gap in the prevalence of repartnering after widowhood. Though the widowed prefer remarriage over cohabitation as a repartnering choice, there are important regional differences in repartnering that reflect cultural norms in the social acceptance of cohabitation. Socioeconomic disincentives to marriage do not appear to push the widowed into cohabitation.
本研究估计丧偶后重新伴侣关系的性别特异性患病率。主要目标是研究非婚姻同居与再婚之间的竞争选择以及重新伴侣关系的差异。
本研究使用2007年加拿大综合社会调查的数据和生命表方法，来说明45岁及以上丧偶后重新伴侣关系的人群累计比例中的性别和地区差异。比例风险模型用于检验社会经济资源、地区、人口特征和健康等因素如何与重新伴侣关系的风险及重新伴侣关系偏好相关联。
丧偶后的大多数重新伴侣关系发生在丧偶事件后的十年内，或者根本没有发生。丧偶十年后，约7%的寡妇和29%的鳏夫形成了新的伴侣关系。对于寡妇和鳏夫来说，再婚率是同居率的两倍。魁北克省是个例外，在该省同居是比再婚更普遍的重新伴侣关系选择。社会经济资源与同居和再婚风险之间的关联较弱。
我们的结果证实，婚姻市场的限制似乎导致了丧偶后重新伴侣关系患病率的性别差距。尽管丧偶者在重新伴侣关系选择上更喜欢再婚而非同居，但重新伴侣关系存在重要的地区差异，这反映了社会对同居接受程度的文化规范。婚姻的社会经济抑制因素似乎并未促使丧偶者选择同居。
