Steffen P, Liguori A, Marcucella H
Department of Psychology, Boston University, 64 Cummington St., Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.
Behav Processes. 1990 Jun;21(2-3):197-203. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(90)90025-B.
Three pigeons were exposed for 22 sessions to a variant of a multiple variable-time 1-min extinction reinforcement schedule in the presence of a white key. A 1.5-s stimulus change (red) preceded each 1-min component during which food was delivered and a 1.5-s stimulus change (green) preceded each extinction component. The variable-time 1-min schedule was then changed to a variable-interval 1-min schedule for several sessions and then returned to variable time 1-min. During the first exposure to noncontingent reinforcer delivery, two of the three birds pecked frequently during the 1.5-s red stimulus but not during the other components. The third bird did not keypeck. The addition of a response-reinforcer relation resulted in all three birds pecking during the red stimulus as well as during the white stimuli. Pecking rates were usually highest during red. Response rates during green remained low. The subsequent removal of the response contingency resulted in a decrease in responding during white, and for two of the three birds, a decrease in responding during the red stimulus. The results support an interpretation of signal key pecking in stimulus separation procedures as elicited key pecking controlled by the stimulus-reinforcer relation.
三只鸽子在白色按键存在的情况下，接受了22次多变量时间1分钟消退强化程序变体的实验。在每次1分钟的食物投递部分之前，会有一个1.5秒的刺激变化（红色），在每次消退部分之前，会有一个1.5秒的刺激变化（绿色）。然后，将可变时间1分钟的程序改为可变间隔1分钟的程序进行了几次实验，之后又恢复为可变时间1分钟。在首次接触非条件强化物投递时，三只鸟中有两只在1.5秒的红色刺激期间频繁啄击，但在其他部分则不然。第三只鸟没有按键啄击。添加反应-强化物关系后，所有三只鸟在红色刺激期间以及白色刺激期间都进行了啄击。啄击率通常在红色期间最高。绿色期间的反应率仍然很低。随后去除反应偶然性导致白色期间的反应减少，并且对于三只鸟中的两只来说，红色刺激期间的反应也减少了。结果支持将刺激分离程序中的信号按键啄击解释为由刺激-强化物关系控制的引发性按键啄击。
