Kleim Birgit, Graham Belinda, Fihosy Sonia, Stott Richard, Ehlers Anke
University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
University College London, United Kingdom.
Clin Psychol Sci. 2014 Mar;2(2):165-173. doi: 10.1177/2167702613495199.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), one of the most common disorders following trauma, has been associated with a tendency to remember past personal memories in a nonspecific, overgeneral way. The present study investigated whether such a bias also applies to projections of future personal events. Trauma survivors ( = 50) generated brief descriptions of imagined future experiences in response to positive and negative cues in a future-based Autobiographical Memory Test. Survivors with PTSD imagined fewer specific future events in response to positive, but not to negative, cues, compared to those without PTSD. This effect was independent of comorbid major depression. Reduced memory specificity in response to positive cues was related to appraisals of foreshortened future and permanent change. Training to enhance specificity of future projections may be helpful in PTSD and protect against potentially toxic effects of autobiographical memory overgenerality.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是创伤后最常见的障碍之一，它与以一种非特定、过度概括的方式回忆过去个人记忆的倾向有关。本研究调查了这种偏差是否也适用于对未来个人事件的预测。创伤幸存者（n = 50）在基于未来的自传体记忆测试中，根据积极和消极线索生成对想象中未来经历的简短描述。与无PTSD的幸存者相比，患有PTSD的幸存者在面对积极线索而非消极线索时，想象出的具体未来事件更少。这种效应与共病的重度抑郁症无关。对积极线索的记忆特异性降低与对未来缩短和永久性改变的评估有关。增强未来预测特异性的训练可能有助于治疗PTSD，并防止自传体记忆过度概括带来的潜在有害影响。
