Nibbeling Nicky, Oudejans Raôul R D, Ubink Emiel M, Daanen Hein A M
a MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences , VU University Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
Ergonomics. 2014;57(9):1366-79. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2014.924572. Epub 2014 Jun 13.
Operational performance in military settings involves physical and mental skills that are generally investigated separately in lab settings, leading to reduced ecological validity. Therefore, we investigated the effects of anxiety and exercise-induced fatigue, separately and in combination, on cognitive and shooting performance of 22 soldiers in a real-world setting. Findings indicated that soldiers' shooting accuracy and decision-making and mathematical skills decreased significantly under anxiety. Whether exercise-induced fatigue was beneficial or detrimental to task performance depended on the task at hand. The increased arousal levels through exercise prevented shooting accuracy from deteriorating in the decision task. In contrast, cognitive performance suffered from the increased arousal: participants more often failed to shoot when being fired at by an opponent and also math performance seemed to decrease. We conclude that anxiety can deteriorate soldier performance and that exercise-induced fatigue may improve or deteriorate performance in combination with anxiety depending on the nature of the task.
Soldiers encounter anxiety and exercise-induced fatigue. We investigated to what degree these factors influence soldiers' shooting and cognitive performance. Experimental manipulation of anxiety and exercise during a representative field course indicated decreased performance under anxiety. Exercise prevented shooting accuracy from deteriorating under anxiety, although cognitive performance was negatively affected after exercise.
军事环境中的作战表现涉及身体和心理技能，这些技能在实验室环境中通常是分开研究的，这导致生态效度降低。因此，我们在实际环境中分别研究了焦虑和运动诱发疲劳单独及联合作用对22名士兵认知和射击表现的影响。研究结果表明，士兵在焦虑状态下射击准确性、决策和数学技能显著下降。运动诱发疲劳对任务表现是有益还是有害取决于手头的任务。运动使唤醒水平提高，从而防止决策任务中的射击准确性恶化。相比之下，认知表现因唤醒水平提高而受损：参与者在被对手射击时更常未能射击，而且数学表现似乎也下降了。我们得出结论，焦虑会降低士兵的表现，运动诱发疲劳与焦虑共同作用时，可能会根据任务性质提高或降低表现。
士兵会遭遇焦虑和运动诱发疲劳。我们研究了这些因素在多大程度上影响士兵的射击和认知表现。在一次具有代表性的野外训练中对焦虑和运动进行实验性操纵，结果表明焦虑状态下表现下降。运动可防止焦虑状态下射击准确性恶化，尽管运动后认知表现受到负面影响。
