Garrett Jordan, Chak Carly, Bullock Tom, Giesbrecht Barry
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Commun Psychol. 2024 Aug 28;2(1):82. doi: 10.1038/s44271-024-00124-2.
Physical exercise is a potential intervention for enhancing cognitive function across the lifespan. However, while studies employing long-term exercise interventions consistently show positive effects on cognition, studies using single acute bouts have produced mixed results. Here, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the impact of acute exercise on cognitive task performance in healthy young adults. A Bayesian hierarchical model quantified probabilistic evidence for a modulatory relationship by synthesizing 651 effect sizes from 113 studies from PsychInfo and Google Scholar representing 4,390 participants. Publication bias was mitigated using the trim-and-fill method. Acute exercise was found to have a small beneficial effect on cognition (g = 0.13 ± 0.04; BF = 3.67) and decrease reaction time. A meta-analysis restricted to executive function tasks revealed improvements in working memory and inhibition. Meta-analytic estimates were consistent across multiple priors and likelihood functions. Physical activities were categorized based on exercise type (e.g., cycling) because many activities have aerobic and anaerobic components, but this approach may limit comparison to studies that categorize activities based on metabolic demands. The current study provides an updated synthesis of the existing literature and insights into the robustness of acute exercise-induced effects on cognition. Funding provided by the United States Army Research Office.
体育锻炼是一种在整个生命周期中增强认知功能的潜在干预措施。然而，虽然采用长期锻炼干预的研究一致显示对认知有积极影响，但使用单次急性运动的研究结果却参差不齐。在此，进行了一项系统综述和荟萃分析，以确定急性运动对健康年轻成年人认知任务表现的影响。贝叶斯分层模型通过综合来自PsychInfo和谷歌学术的113项研究中的651个效应量（代表4390名参与者），量化了调节关系的概率证据。使用修剪填充法减轻了发表偏倚。发现急性运动对认知有微小的有益影响（g = 0.13 ± 0.04；BF = 3.67），并缩短反应时间。一项仅限于执行功能任务的荟萃分析显示工作记忆和抑制能力有所改善。荟萃分析估计在多个先验和似然函数中是一致的。由于许多活动都有有氧和无氧成分，因此根据运动类型（如骑自行车）对体育活动进行了分类，但这种方法可能会限制与根据代谢需求对活动进行分类的研究的比较。本研究提供了对现有文献的最新综合分析，并深入了解了急性运动对认知影响的稳健性。由美国陆军研究办公室提供资金。
