Ishii Akira, Tanaka Masaaki, Watanabe Yasuyoshi
Rev Neurosci. 2014;25(4):469-79. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0028.
Fatigue is defined as a decline in the ability and efficiency of mental and/or physical activities that is caused by excessive mental and/or physical activities. Fatigue can be classified as physical or mental. Mental fatigue manifests as potentially impaired cognitive function and is one of the most significant causes of accidents in modern society. Recently, it has been shown that the neural mechanisms of mental fatigue related to cognitive task performance are more complex than previously thought and that mental fatigue is not caused only by impaired activity in task-related brain regions. There is accumulating evidence supporting the existence of mental facilitation and inhibition systems. These systems are involved in the neural mechanisms of mental fatigue, modulating the activity of task-related brain regions to regulate cognitive task performance. In this review, we propose a new conceptual model: the dual regulation system of mental fatigue. This model contributes to our understanding of the neural mechanisms of mental fatigue and the regulatory mechanisms of cognitive task performance in the presence of mental fatigue.
疲劳被定义为由于过度的脑力和/或体力活动导致的心理和/或身体活动能力及效率的下降。疲劳可分为身体疲劳或精神疲劳。精神疲劳表现为潜在的认知功能受损，是现代社会事故的最重要原因之一。最近的研究表明，与认知任务表现相关的精神疲劳的神经机制比以前认为的更为复杂，而且精神疲劳不仅仅是由与任务相关的脑区活动受损引起的。越来越多的证据支持精神促进和抑制系统的存在。这些系统参与了精神疲劳的神经机制，调节与任务相关的脑区活动以调控认知任务表现。在本综述中，我们提出了一个新的概念模型：精神疲劳的双重调节系统。该模型有助于我们理解精神疲劳的神经机制以及在精神疲劳状态下认知任务表现的调节机制。
