Chism David D, De Silva Dinuka, Whang Young E
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2014 Nov;14(11):1369-78. doi: 10.1586/14737140.2014.928594. Epub 2014 Jun 13.
After initial response to androgen receptor (AR) targeting drugs abiraterone or enzalutamide, most patients develop progressive disease and therefore, castration resistant prostate cancer remains a terminal disease. Multiple mechanisms underlying acquired resistance have been postulated. Intratumoral androgen synthesis may resume after abiraterone treatment. A point mutation in the ligand-binding domain of AR may confer resistance to enzalutamide. Emergence of AR splice variants lacking the ligand-binding domain may mediate resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide. Steroid receptors such as glucocorticoid receptor may substitute for AR. Drugs with novel mechanisms of action or combination therapy, along with biomarkers for patient selection, may be needed to improve the therapy of castration resistant prostate cancer.
在对雄激素受体(AR)靶向药物阿比特龙或恩杂鲁胺产生初始反应后,大多数患者会出现疾病进展,因此,去势抵抗性前列腺癌仍然是一种终末期疾病。已经提出了多种获得性耐药的潜在机制。阿比特龙治疗后肿瘤内雄激素合成可能会恢复。AR配体结合域的点突变可能导致对恩杂鲁胺耐药。缺乏配体结合域的AR剪接变体的出现可能介导对阿比特龙和恩杂鲁胺的耐药。诸如糖皮质激素受体等类固醇受体可能替代AR。可能需要具有新作用机制的药物或联合治疗,以及用于患者选择的生物标志物,以改善去势抵抗性前列腺癌的治疗。