Orphanidou-Vlachou Eleni, Tziakouri-Shiakalli Chrysa, Georgiades Christos S
Department of Radiology, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Vascular & Interventional Radiology, American Medical Center, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2014 Jun;35(3):255-62. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2013.12.001. Epub 2013 Dec 19.
Various chronic hematologic disorders that lead to ineffective hemopoiesis or inadequate bone marrow function (ie, chronic hemolytic anemias, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, myelofibrosis of many causes, lymphoma, and leukemia) can potentially precipitate extramarrow new blood element creation. Extramarrow soft tissue that produces blood elements is called extramedullary hemopoietic tissue and the process extramedullary hemopoiesis (EMH). Sites commonly involved by EMH include the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and most commonly, paravertebral regions, although other sites can sometimes be involved. Physicians rarely consider EMH in their differential diagnosis even in cases where it is warranted (diseases of ineffective erythropoiesis). This is likely because of the rarity of the condition and because imaging findings are nonspecific. We present here a systematic review of the imaging findings in EMH.
各种导致造血无效或骨髓功能不足的慢性血液系统疾病（如慢性溶血性贫血、地中海贫血、镰状细胞贫血、多种原因引起的骨髓纤维化、淋巴瘤和白血病）可能会促使骨髓外产生新的血细胞成分。产生血细胞成分的骨髓外软组织称为髓外造血组织，这一过程称为髓外造血（EMH）。EMH常见累及的部位包括肝脏、脾脏、淋巴结，最常见的是椎旁区域，不过有时其他部位也可能受累。即使在有必要考虑EMH的情况下（无效红细胞生成性疾病），医生在鉴别诊断时也很少考虑到它。这可能是因为这种情况罕见，且影像学表现不具有特异性。我们在此对EMH的影像学表现进行系统综述。
