Tey Li-Sian, Zhu Sicong, Ferreira Luis, Wallis Guy
Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Penang, Malaysia.
Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2014 Oct;71:177-82. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.05.014. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
Level crossings are amongst the most complex of road safety issues, due to the addition of rail infrastructure, trains and train operations. The differences in the operational characteristics of different warning devices together with varying crossing, traffic or/and train characteristics, cause different driver behaviour at crossings. This paper compares driver behaviour towards two novel warning devices (rumble strips and in-vehicle audio warning) with two conventional warning devices (flashing light and stop sign) at railway level crossings using microsimulation modelling. Two safety performance indicators directly related to collision risks, violation and time-to-collision, were adopted. Results indicated the active systems were more effective at reducing likely collisions compared to passive devices. With the combined application of driving simulation and traffic microsimulation modelling, traffic safety performance indicators for a level crossing can be estimated. From these, relative safety comparisons for the different traffic devices are derived, or even for absolute safety evaluation with proper calibration from field investigations.
由于铁路基础设施、列车及列车运营的加入，平交道口是道路安全问题中最为复杂的一类。不同警示装置的运行特性差异，以及道口、交通或/和列车特性的不同，导致驾驶员在道口有不同的行为表现。本文利用微观仿真模型，比较了铁路平交道口处驾驶员对两种新型警示装置（震动带和车内音频警示）与两种传统警示装置（闪光灯和停车标志）的行为表现。采用了两个与碰撞风险直接相关的安全性能指标，即违规和碰撞时间。结果表明，与被动装置相比，主动系统在减少可能碰撞方面更有效。通过驾驶模拟和交通微观仿真模型的联合应用，可以估算平交道口的交通安全性能指标。由此，可以得出不同交通装置的相对安全比较结果，甚至通过现场调查进行适当校准后可进行绝对安全评估。
