Huestis Diana L, Lehmann Tovi
Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
Infect Genet Evol. 2014 Dec;28:648-61. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.05.027. Epub 2014 Jun 14.
The dry-season biology of malaria vectors is poorly understood, especially in arid environments when no surface waters are available for several months, such as during the dry season in the Sahel. Here we reappraise results on the dry-season physiology of members of the Anopheles gambiae s.l. complex in the broad context of dormancy in insects and especially in mosquitoes. We examine evidence on seasonal changes in reproduction, metabolism, stress tolerance, nutrition, molecular regulation, and environmental conditions and determine if the current results are compatible with dry-season diapause (aestivation) as the primary strategy for persistence throughout the dry season in the Sahel. In the process, we point out critical gaps in our knowledge that future studies can fill. We find compelling evidence that members of the An. gambiae s.l. complex undergo a form of aestivation during the Sahelian dry season by shifting energetic resources away from reproduction and towards increased longevity. Considering the differences between winter at temperate latitudes, which entails immobility of the insect and hence reliance on physiological solutions, as opposed to the Sahelian dry season, which restricts reproduction exclusively, we propose that behavioral changes play an important role in complementing physiological changes in this strategy.
人们对疟疾媒介的旱季生物学了解甚少，尤其是在干旱环境中，数月都没有地表水，比如萨赫勒地区的旱季。在此，我们在昆虫尤其是蚊子休眠的大背景下，重新评估冈比亚按蚊复合组成员旱季生理学的研究结果。我们研究繁殖、新陈代谢、应激耐受性、营养、分子调控和环境条件的季节性变化证据，并确定目前的结果是否与旱季滞育（夏蛰）相符，而夏蛰是萨赫勒地区蚊子在整个旱季生存的主要策略。在此过程中，我们指出了知识上的关键空白，以待未来研究填补。我们发现有力证据表明，冈比亚按蚊复合组的成员在萨赫勒旱季会经历一种夏蛰形式，即将能量资源从繁殖转向延长寿命。考虑到温带地区冬季昆虫会静止不动，因此依赖生理解决办法，而萨赫勒旱季仅限制繁殖，我们认为行为变化在这一策略中对补充生理变化起着重要作用。
