Tapsell Linda C
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
BMC Med. 2014 Jun 16;12:100. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-100.
The recent publication of the PREDIMED trial provided definitive evidence that a Mediterranean diet provides protection against cardiovascular disease. Two articles published in BMC Medicine provide further understanding of why this may be the case, by considering contributory effects of olive oil, a core food in the diet, and polyphenols, a class of identifiable protective compounds. Using a number of statistical models, analyses were conducted to show around a 35% cardiovascular disease risk reduction in the highest consumers of olive oil and a similar degree of risk reduction for all-cause mortality comparing highest to lowest quintiles of polyphenol intake. The effects were an advance on cohort studies not related to trials. This suggests that it may be necessary to have better control of the background diet to enable exposure of the value of individual foods and nutrients in a dietary pattern, bearing in mind that, by nature, it is difficult to separate out effects of foods, nutrients and whole diets.
PREDIMED试验最近发表的结果提供了确凿证据，表明地中海饮食可预防心血管疾病。发表在《BMC医学》上的两篇文章，通过研究橄榄油（该饮食中的核心食物）和多酚（一类可识别的保护性化合物）的促成作用，进一步阐释了其背后的原因。研究人员运用多种统计模型进行分析，结果显示，橄榄油摄入量最高的人群患心血管疾病的风险降低了约35%，而多酚摄入量最高与最低五分位数人群相比，全因死亡率的降低幅度与之相近。这些结果比与试验无关的队列研究更进一步。这表明，可能有必要更好地控制背景饮食，以便揭示饮食模式中单一食物和营养素的价值，同时要记住，从本质上讲，很难区分食物、营养素和整体饮食的影响。
