Koukorava C, Farah J, Struelens L, Clairand I, Donadille L, Vanhavere F, Dimitriou P
Greek Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Licensing and Inspections, PO Box 60092, Ag. Paraskevi 15310 Athens, Greece. Department of Medical Physics, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
J Radiol Prot. 2014 Sep;34(3):509-28. doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/34/3/509. Epub 2014 Jun 18.
Monte Carlo calculations were used to investigate the efficiency of radiation protection equipment in reducing eye and whole body doses during fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures. Eye lens doses were determined considering different models of eyewear with various shapes, sizes and lead thickness. The origin of scattered radiation reaching the eyes was also assessed to explain the variation in the protection efficiency of the different eyewear models with exposure conditions. The work also investigates the variation of eye and whole body doses with ceiling-suspended shields of various shapes and positioning. For all simulations, a broad spectrum of configurations typical for most interventional procedures was considered. Calculations showed that 'wrap around' glasses are the most efficient eyewear models reducing, on average, the dose by 74% and 21% for the left and right eyes respectively. The air gap between the glasses and the eyes was found to be the primary source of scattered radiation reaching the eyes. The ceiling-suspended screens were more efficient when positioned close to the patient's skin and to the x-ray field. With the use of such shields, the Hp(10) values recorded at the collar, chest and waist level and the Hp(3) values for both eyes were reduced on average by 47%, 37%, 20% and 56% respectively. Finally, simulations proved that beam quality and lead thickness have little influence on eye dose while beam projection, the position and head orientation of the operator as well as the distance between the image detector and the patient are key parameters affecting eye and whole body doses.
采用蒙特卡罗计算方法，研究了在透视引导介入手术过程中，辐射防护设备对减少眼部和全身剂量的效率。考虑了不同形状、尺寸和铅厚度的不同眼镜模型，测定了晶状体剂量。还评估了到达眼睛的散射辐射的来源，以解释不同眼镜模型在不同照射条件下防护效率的差异。这项工作还研究了眼部和全身剂量随各种形状和位置的天花板悬挂防护屏的变化。对于所有模拟，考虑了大多数介入手术典型的广泛配置。计算表明，“全包式”眼镜是最有效的眼镜模型，平均可使左眼和右眼的剂量分别降低74%和21%。发现眼镜与眼睛之间的气隙是到达眼睛的散射辐射的主要来源。天花板悬挂的防护屏在靠近患者皮肤和X射线场的位置时更有效。使用这种防护屏后，在领口、胸部和腰部水平记录的Hp(10)值以及双眼的Hp(3)值平均分别降低了47%、37%、20%和56%。最后，模拟证明，射线质和铅厚度对眼部剂量影响很小，而射线投射、操作者的位置和头部方向以及图像探测器与患者之间的距离是影响眼部和全身剂量的关键参数。
