术者头部姿态和防护眼镜对介入放射学中晶状体剂量的影响：一项蒙特卡罗研究。
Influences of operator head posture and protective eyewear on eye lens doses in interventional radiology: A Monte Carlo Study.
机构信息
Nuclear Engineering Program, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
出版信息
Med Phys. 2019 Jun;46(6):2744-2751. doi: 10.1002/mp.13528. Epub 2019 Apr 26.
PURPOSE
To quantify the effects of operator head posture and different types of protective eyewear on the eye lens dose to operators in interventional radiology (IR).
METHODS
A deformable computational human phantom, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Adult Male, consisting of a high-resolution eye model, was used to simulate a radiologist who is performing an interventional radiology procedure. The radiologist phantom was deformed to a set of different head postures. Three different protective eyewear models were incorporated into the posture-deformed radiologist phantom. The eye lens dose of the radiologist was calculated using the Monte Carlo code, MCNP. Effects of the radiologist's head posture and different types of protective eyewear on eye lens doses were studied. The relationship between efficacy of protective eyewear and the radiologist's head posture was investigated. Effects of other parameters on efficacy of protective eyewear were also studied, including the angular position of the radiologist, the gap between the eyewear and the face of the radiologist, and the lead equivalent thickness.
RESULTS
The dose to both lenses decreased by 80% as the head posture moved from looking downward to looking upward. Sports wrap glasses were found to reduce doses further than the other two studied models. The efficacy of eyewear was found to be related to radiologist's head posture as well. When the radiologist was looking up, the protective eyewear almost provided no protection to both lenses. Other factors such as the face-to-eyewear distance and the lead equivalent thickness were also found to have an impact on the efficacy of protective eyewear. The dose reduction factor (DRF), defined as the ratio of the dose to the lens without protection to that with protection, decreased from 4.25 to 1.07 as the face-to-eyewear distance increased. The DRF almost doubled when the lead equivalent thickness increased from 0.07 to 0.35 mm. However, further increase in lead equivalent thickness showed little improvement in dose reduction.
CONCLUSION
The radiologist's head posture has a significant influence on the eye lens dose in IR. Sports wrap protective eyewear which conforms to the curve of the face is essential for the radiation protection of the eye lens. However, the radiologist's head posture and other exposure parameters should be considered when evaluating the protection of the radiologist's eyes.
目的
定量研究操作人员头部姿势和不同类型防护眼镜对介入放射学（IR）操作人员晶状体剂量的影响。
方法
使用包含高分辨率眼部模型的可变形计算人体模型，RPI 成人男性（Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Adult Male），模拟进行介入放射学手术的放射科医生。将放射科医生模型变形为一组不同的头部姿势。将三种不同类型的防护眼镜模型纳入到姿势变形的放射科医生模型中。使用蒙特卡罗代码 MCNP 计算放射科医生的晶状体剂量。研究了放射科医生头部姿势和不同类型防护眼镜对晶状体剂量的影响。研究了防护眼镜的有效性与放射科医生头部姿势之间的关系。还研究了其他参数对防护眼镜有效性的影响，包括放射科医生的角度位置、眼镜与放射科医生面部之间的间隙以及铅当量厚度。
结果
当头部姿势从向下看变为向上看时，两个晶状体的剂量降低了 80%。运动 Wrap 眼镜被发现比其他两种研究模型进一步降低剂量。眼镜的有效性还与放射科医生的头部姿势有关。当放射科医生向上看时，防护眼镜对两个晶状体几乎没有提供任何保护。其他因素，如面部到眼镜的距离和铅当量厚度，也被发现对防护眼镜的有效性有影响。剂量减少因子（DRF）定义为无保护晶状体剂量与有保护晶状体剂量的比值，当面部到眼镜的距离从 0 增加到 0.35mm 时，DRF 从 4.25 降低到 1.07。当铅当量厚度从 0.07 增加到 0.35mm 时，DRF 几乎增加了一倍。然而，进一步增加铅当量厚度对剂量减少的改善作用不大。
结论
放射科医生的头部姿势对 IR 中的晶状体剂量有显著影响。与面部曲线相贴合的运动 Wrap 防护眼镜对于晶状体的辐射防护至关重要。然而，在评估放射科医生眼睛的保护时，应考虑放射科医生的头部姿势和其他暴露参数。
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