Robles Elias, Emery Noah N, Vargas Perla A, Moreno Araceli, Marshall Brent, Grove Richard C, Zhang Huateng
a Arizona State University.
J Gen Psychol. 2014;141(3):207-27. doi: 10.1080/00221309.2014.896781.
We explored the utility of analyzing within- and between-balloon response patterns on a balloon analogue task (BAT) in relation to overall risk scores, and to a choice between a small guaranteed cash reward and an uncertain reward of the same expected value. Young adults (n = 61) played a BAT, and then were offered a choice between $5 in cash and betting to win $0 to $15. Between groups, pumping was differentially influenced by explosions and by the number of successive unexploded balloons, with risk takers responding increasingly on successive balloons after an explosion. Within-balloons, risk takers showed a characteristic pattern of constant high rate, while non-risk takers showed a characteristic variable lower rate. Overall, results show that the higher number of pumps and explosions that characterize risk takers at a molar level, result from particular forms of adaptation to the positive and negative outcomes of choices seen at a molecular level.
我们探讨了在气球模拟任务（BAT）中分析气球内和气球间反应模式与总体风险评分之间的关系，以及在小额保证现金奖励和具有相同预期价值的不确定奖励之间进行选择的效用。年轻成年人（n = 61）参与了一项BAT，然后在5美元现金和赢得0至15美元的赌注之间做出选择。在不同组之间，打气受到爆炸以及连续未爆炸气球数量的不同影响，冒险者在爆炸后对连续的气球反应越来越多。在气球内部，冒险者表现出持续高频率的特征模式，而非冒险者则表现出特征性的可变低频率模式。总体而言，结果表明，在宏观层面上表征冒险者的较高打气次数和爆炸次数，是由分子层面上对选择的积极和消极结果的特定适应形式导致的。
