Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Nutr Res Pract. 2014 Jun;8(3):297-303. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.3.297. Epub 2014 May 15.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Understanding individual's intention, action and maintenance to increase fruit and vegetable intake is an initial step in designing nutrition or health promotion programs. This study aimed to determine stages of change to increase fruit and vegetable intake and its relationships with fruit and vegetable intake, self-efficacy, perceived benefits and perceived barriers.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 348 public university staff in Universiti Putra Malaysia. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire and two days 24-hour diet recall were used.
Half of the respondents (50%) were in preparation stage, followed by 43% in action/maintenance, 7% in pre-contemplation/contemplation stages. Respondents in action/maintenance stages had significantly higher self-efficacy (F = 9.17, P < 0.001) and perceived benefits (F = 5.07, P < 0.01) while respondents in pre-contemplation/contemplation and preparation stages had significantly higher perceived barriers (F = 4.83, P < 0.05). Perceived benefits tend to outweigh perceived barriers pre-ceding to taking action. Self-efficacy is important in motivating individuals to increase fruit and vegetable intake as self-efficacy and perceived barriers crossed over between preparation and action/maintenance. Respondents in action/maintenance stages had the highest adjusted mean serving of fruit and vegetable intake (F = 4.52, P < 0.05) but the intake did not meet recommendation.
Intervention strategies should emphasize on increasing perceived benefits and building self-efficacy by providing knowledge and skills to consume a diet high in fruits and vegetables in order to promote healthy changes in having high fruit and vegetable intake.
背景/目的：了解个体增加水果和蔬菜摄入量的意图、行动和维持，是设计营养或健康促进计划的初始步骤。本研究旨在确定增加水果和蔬菜摄入量的改变阶段及其与水果和蔬菜摄入量、自我效能感、感知益处和感知障碍的关系。
受试者/方法：这项横断面研究在马来西亚普特拉大学的 348 名公共大学工作人员中进行。使用了经过预测试的自我管理问卷和两天 24 小时饮食回忆。
一半的受访者（50%）处于准备阶段，其次是 43%的行动/维持阶段，7%的前沉思/沉思阶段。处于行动/维持阶段的受访者自我效能感（F=9.17，P<0.001）和感知益处（F=5.07，P<0.01）显著较高，而处于前沉思/沉思和准备阶段的受访者感知障碍（F=4.83，P<0.05）显著较高。在采取行动之前，感知益处往往超过感知障碍。自我效能感在激励个体增加水果和蔬菜摄入量方面很重要，因为自我效能感和感知障碍在准备和行动/维持之间交叉。处于行动/维持阶段的受访者水果和蔬菜摄入量的调整后平均摄入量最高（F=4.52，P<0.05），但摄入量未达到推荐量。
干预策略应强调增加感知益处和建立自我效能感，通过提供知识和技能来促进高水果和蔬菜饮食，以促进健康的高水果和蔬菜摄入量变化。
