Wolf Randi L, Lepore Stephen J, Vandergrift Jonathan L, Wetmore-Arkader Lindsay, McGinty Elizabeth, Pietrzak Gabriel, Yaroch Amy L
Ella McCollum Vahlteich Endowment, Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Aug;108(8):1315-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.05.011.
Daily fruit and vegetable consumption in black men is low and has remained relatively unchanged during the past 20 years.
To examine awareness of fruit and vegetable recommendations promoted by federal agencies and correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption among an urban and mostly immigrant population of adult black men.
A cross-sectional study analyzing baseline data (n=490) from a randomized controlled trial.
A large health care worker's union.
Knowledge, perceived benefits, stage of readiness, perceived barriers, and daily servings of fruit and vegetable intake.
One-way analysis of variance and t tests were used to compare fruit and vegetable intake across main study variables. Regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of fruit and vegetable intake.
Fruit and vegetable intake was low (mean was three servings/day). Ninety-four percent were not aware that men should consume at least nine servings of fruits and vegetables daily and 59.8% were not aware that eating a colorful variety is important. In contrast, over half (54.7%) were aware that a single serving is equal to about a handful; 94.1% correctly reported fruit and vegetables as an important source of fiber; 79.6% correctly reported vitamin pills were not a substitute for eating fruits and vegetables; and 94.5% recognized that there are health benefits to eating fruits and vegetables, although identification of specific benefits was minimal. In regression analysis, a greater level of fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly associated with greater knowledge of fruit and vegetable recommendations, lower perceived barriers, and a more advanced stage of change (action vs contemplation/preparation). Perceived health benefits were not associated with fruit and vegetable consumption.
There is a lack of awareness of the current fruit and vegetable recommendations. In addition, men reported fruit and vegetable intakes that were far below national recommendations. Greater efforts are needed to help urban and primarily immigrant black men realize the importance of and recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption.
黑人男性每日水果和蔬菜的摄入量较低，且在过去20年中相对保持不变。
调查成年黑人男性这一城市且大多为移民的群体对联邦机构所倡导的水果和蔬菜建议的知晓情况，以及水果和蔬菜消费的相关因素。
一项横断面研究，分析来自一项随机对照试验的基线数据（n = 490）。
一个大型医护人员工会。
知识、感知到的益处、准备阶段、感知到的障碍以及水果和蔬菜的每日摄入量。
采用单因素方差分析和t检验来比较主要研究变量之间的水果和蔬菜摄入量。使用回归分析来确定水果和蔬菜摄入量的独立预测因素。
水果和蔬菜摄入量较低（平均每天三份）。94%的人不知道男性每天应摄入至少九份水果和蔬菜，59.8%的人不知道食用多种颜色的蔬果很重要。相比之下，超过一半（54.7%）的人知道一份大约相当于一把的量；94.1%正确地指出水果和蔬菜是纤维的重要来源；79.6%正确地报告维生素片不能替代食用水果和蔬菜；94.5%认识到食用水果和蔬菜对健康有益，尽管对具体益处的认知很少。在回归分析中，更高水平的水果和蔬菜消费与对水果和蔬菜建议的更多了解、更低的感知障碍以及更高级的改变阶段（行动阶段与沉思/准备阶段）显著相关。感知到的健康益处与水果和蔬菜消费无关。
人们对当前的水果和蔬菜建议缺乏认识。此外，男性报告的水果和蔬菜摄入量远低于国家建议水平。需要做出更大努力来帮助城市及主要为移民的黑人男性认识到水果和蔬菜消费的重要性及相关建议。
