Visser Steven, van der Molen Henk F, Kuijer P Paul F M, Hoozemans Marco J M, Frings-Dresen Monique H W
Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Arbouw, Harderwijk, the Netherlands.
Appl Ergon. 2014 Nov;45(6):1597-602. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2014.05.009. Epub 2014 Jun 16.
The objective of this study was to assess differences in work demands, energetic workload and workers' discomfort and physical effort in two regularly observable workdays in ironwork; one where loads up to 50kg were handled with two persons manually (T50) and one where loads up to 100kg were handled manually with four persons (T100). Differences between these typical workdays were assessed with an observational within-subject field study of 10 ironworkers. No significant differences were found for work demands, energetic workload or discomfort between T50 and T100 workdays. During team lifts, load mass exceeded 25kg per person in 57% (T50 workday) and 68% (T100 workday) of the lifts. Seven ironworkers rated team lifting with two persons as less physically demanding compared with lifting with four persons. When loads heavier than 25kg are lifted manually with a team, regulations of the maximum mass weight are frequently violated.
Loads heavier than 25kg are frequently lifted during concrete reinforcement work and should be lifted by a team of persons. However, the field study showed that loads above 25kg are most of the time not lifted with the appropriate number of workers. Therefore, loads heavier than 25kg should be lifted mechanically.
本研究的目的是评估在两个可定期观察的铁艺工作日中工作需求、精力负荷、工人不适和体力消耗的差异；一个工作日是两人手动搬运重达50千克的货物（T50），另一个工作日是四人手动搬运重达100千克的货物（T100）。通过对10名铁艺工人进行的一项观察性的受试者内现场研究，评估了这些典型工作日之间的差异。在T50和T100工作日之间，未发现工作需求、精力负荷或不适方面存在显著差异。在团队搬运过程中，57%（T50工作日）和68%（T100工作日）的搬运中每人的负载质量超过了25千克。七名铁艺工人认为两人团队搬运比四人团队搬运体力要求更低。当团队手动搬运超过25千克的重物时，经常会违反最大质量重量规定。
在混凝土钢筋作业中经常会搬运超过25千克的重物，应该由一组人员来搬运。然而，现场研究表明，超过25千克的重物大多数时候并没有由合适数量的工人来搬运。因此，超过25千克的重物应该用机械方式搬运。
