Bauer Susanne
Faculty of Social Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany.
Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci. 2014 Sep;47 Pt A:163-72. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2014.05.016. Epub 2014 Jun 16.
This paper traces the integration of human genetics with Soviet public health science after the Lysenko era. For nearly three decades, USSR biology pursued its own version of anti-bourgeois, Soviet 'creative Darwinism', departing from western, post-WWII scientific developments. After Lysenko was suspended, research niches of immunology, biophysics and mutation research formed the basis of new departments at the Institute of Medical Genetics, which was founded in 1969 as part of the Soviet Academy of Medical Sciences. Focussing on early research activities and collaborations at the institute, I show how the concept of mutagenesis, a pivotal issue during the Cold War, became mobilized from Drosophila genetics to human heredity and to society as a whole. This mode of scaling up and down through population studies shaped not only Soviet human biology and genetics; it also brought about changes in clinical practice and public health as well as in the monitoring and regulation of mutagenic agents in the environment.
本文追溯了李森科时代之后人类遗传学与苏联公共卫生科学的整合。近三十年来，苏联生物学奉行其反资产阶级的、苏联式“创造性达尔文主义”，背离了二战后的西方科学发展。李森科被停职后，免疫学、生物物理学和突变研究的研究领域成为医学遗传学研究所新部门的基础，该研究所于1969年作为苏联医学科学院的一部分成立。着眼于该研究所的早期研究活动与合作，我展示了诱变这一冷战期间的关键问题是如何从果蝇遗传学推广到人类遗传乃至整个社会的。这种通过群体研究进行放大和缩小的模式不仅塑造了苏联的人类生物学和遗传学；它还带来了临床实践和公共卫生方面的变化，以及环境中诱变剂监测和监管方面的变化。
