Katzir Maayan, Ori Bnaya, Hsieh Shulan, Meiran Nachshon
Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,
Psychol Res. 2015 May;79(3):446-62. doi: 10.1007/s00426-014-0583-3. Epub 2014 Jun 20.
In task-switching experiments, participants switch between task rules, and each task rule describes how responses are mapped to stimulus information. Importantly, task rules do not pertain to any specific response but to all possible responses. This work examined the hypothesis that task rules, as wholes, rather than (just) specific responses are primed by their execution, such that, in the following trial, response conflicts are exacerbated when the competing responses are generated by these recently primed rules, and performance becomes relatively poor. This hypothesis was supported in two task-switching experiments and re-analyses of additional three published experiments, thus indicating Competitor Rule Priming. Importantly, the Competitor Rule-Priming effect was independent of response repetition vs. switch, suggesting that it reflects the priming of the entire task rule rather than the priming (or suppression) of specific responses. Moreover, this effect was obtained regardless of Backward Inhibition, suggesting these effects are unrelated.
在任务切换实验中，参与者在任务规则之间进行切换，每个任务规则描述了反应如何映射到刺激信息。重要的是，任务规则并非适用于任何特定反应，而是适用于所有可能的反应。这项研究检验了这样一种假设，即任务规则作为一个整体，而非（仅仅）特定反应，会因其执行而得到启动，以至于在接下来的试验中，当竞争反应由这些最近被启动的规则产生时，反应冲突会加剧，并且表现会相对较差。这一假设在两项任务切换实验以及对另外三项已发表实验的重新分析中得到了支持，从而表明了竞争规则启动效应。重要的是，竞争规则启动效应与反应重复还是切换无关，这表明它反映的是整个任务规则的启动，而非特定反应的启动（或抑制）。此外，无论是否存在反向抑制，都能获得这种效应，这表明这些效应并无关联。
