LAPEX-Laboratorio de Parasitología Experimental, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela.
LEPAMET-Laboratorio de Entomología, Parasitología y Medicina Tropical, Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda, Falcón 4101, Venezuela.
J Trop Med. 2014;2014:280629. doi: 10.1155/2014/280629. Epub 2014 Apr 7.
The exploitation of new wilderness areas with crops is increasing and traditional crop substitution has been modified by new more productive crops. The results show the anthropogenic disturbance effect on the sandflies population and Leishmania transmission in endemic areas of Venezuela. Three agroecosystems with variable degrees of ecological disturbance, forest (conserved), cacao (fragmented), and orangery (disturbed), were selected. Four methods to sandfly capture were used; the specimens were identified and infected with Leishmania. Diversity, population structure, ANOVA, Tukey test, and simple correlation analysis were carried out. Shannon traps were able to capture 94.7% of the total sandflies, while CDC light traps, Sticky traps, and direct suction just captured 2.2%, 1.2%, and 0.9%, respectively. The results showed the effect of ecological disturbance degree on the composition of sandflies and population structure, revealing a dominance level increased but decreased on the diversity and richness of sandflies species in the greatest ecological disturbance area in relation to areas with less organic disturbance. Environments more disturbed cause adaptability of certain species such as Lutzomyia gomezi and Lutzomyia walkeri. These changes on the composition of sandflies population and structure emerging species could cause increasing of leishmaniasis transmission.
随着作物对新荒地的开发利用不断增加，传统的作物替代已经被新的更具生产力的作物所改变。研究结果表明，人类活动对委内瑞拉流行地区的沙蝇种群和利什曼原虫传播的干扰效应。选择了三个具有不同生态干扰程度的农业生态系统：森林（受保护）、可可（破碎化）和柑橘园（干扰）。使用了四种捕获沙蝇的方法；对标本进行了鉴定，并感染了利什曼原虫。进行了多样性、种群结构、方差分析、Tukey 检验和简单相关分析。Shannon 陷阱能够捕获到 94.7%的总沙蝇，而 CDC 灯陷阱、粘性陷阱和直接抽吸分别只能捕获到 2.2%、1.2%和 0.9%。结果表明，生态干扰程度对沙蝇的组成和种群结构有影响，在最大的生态干扰区，沙蝇物种的多样性和丰富度水平增加，但在有机干扰较少的地区则下降。更受干扰的环境导致了某些物种（如 Lutzomyia gomezi 和 Lutzomyia walkeri）的适应性。沙蝇种群组成和结构的这些变化可能会导致利什曼病传播的增加。
