Campbell W W, Polansky M M, Bryden N A, Soares J H, Anderson R A
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, MD 20705.
J Nutr. 1989 Apr;119(4):653-60. doi: 10.1093/jn/119.4.653.
The effects of exercise training and dietary chromium intake on rat liver and muscle glycogen metabolism, tissue and body weight and feed consumption were examined. After 16 wk of training, liver, gastrocnemius and biceps femoris glycogen concentrations were higher in the trained compared to sedentary groups, independent of dietary chromium. There was a chromium x training interaction on glycogen synthase activities in the liver and gastrocnemius muscle. Liver glycogen phosphorylase activities (expressed per g liver) were lower in the chromium-supplemented rats as compared to the non-supplemented rats after 5 wk of dietary treatment, but were similar after 8 wk and higher after 18 wk. Gastrocnemius phosphorylase activity (expressed per mg protein) was lower in the trained rats as compared to the sedentary rats after 16 wk, independent of dietary chromium. Biceps femoris phosphorylase activities were not altered due to training or dietary chromium. Total protein concentration increased in the liver but decreased in the gastrocnemius due to dietary chromium. In summary, liver glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activities were dependent upon dietary chromium. Dietary chromium altered gastrocnemius synthase, but not phosphorylase activities. Changes in enzyme activities may be related to the chromium-dependent effects on liver protein and the chromium and training-dependent effects on gastrocnemius total protein.
研究了运动训练和膳食铬摄入对大鼠肝脏和肌肉糖原代谢、组织及体重以及采食量的影响。经过16周的训练后，与久坐组相比，训练组大鼠的肝脏、腓肠肌和股二头肌糖原浓度更高，且不受膳食铬的影响。肝脏和腓肠肌中糖原合酶活性存在铬×训练交互作用。经过5周的膳食处理后，补充铬的大鼠肝脏糖原磷酸化酶活性（以每克肝脏表示）低于未补充铬的大鼠，但8周后相似，18周后更高。经过16周后，与久坐大鼠相比，训练大鼠的腓肠肌磷酸化酶活性（以每毫克蛋白质表示）更低，且不受膳食铬的影响。股二头肌磷酸化酶活性未因训练或膳食铬而改变。由于膳食铬的作用，肝脏总蛋白浓度升高，但腓肠肌总蛋白浓度降低。总之，肝脏糖原合酶和磷酸化酶活性依赖于膳食铬。膳食铬改变了腓肠肌合酶活性，但未改变磷酸化酶活性。酶活性的变化可能与铬对肝脏蛋白质的依赖性作用以及铬和训练对腓肠肌总蛋白的依赖性作用有关。
